Estimation of Burned Area in the Northeastern Siberian Boreal Forest from a Long-Term Data Record (LTDR) 1982-2015 Time Series

A Bayesian classifier mapped the Burned Area (BA) in the Northeastern Siberian boreal forest (70°N 120°E–60°N 170°E) from 1982 to 2015. The algorithm selected the 0.05° (~5 km) Long-Term Data Record (LTDR) version 3 and 4 data sets to generate 10-day BA composites. Landsat-TM scenes of the entire study site in 2002, 2010, and 2011 assessed the spatial accuracy of this LTDR-BA product, in comparison to Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) MCD45A1 and MCD64A1 BA products. The LTDR-BA algorithm proves a reliable source to quantify BA in this part of Siberia, where comprehensive BA remote sensing products since the 1980s are lacking. Once grouped by year and decade, this study explored the trends in fire activity. The LTDR-BA estimates contained a high interannual variability with a maximum of 2.42 million ha in 2002, an average of 0.78 million ha/year, and a standard deviation of 0.61 million ha. Going from 6.36 in the 1980s to 10.21 million ha BA in the 2010s, there was a positive linear BA trend of approximately 1.28 million ha/decade during these last four decades in the Northeastern Siberian boreal forest.

[1]  Zhihua Liu,et al.  Mapping recent burned patches in Siberian larch forest using Landsat and MODIS data , 2016 .

[2]  K. Ranson,et al.  Wildfires Dynamics in Siberian Larch Forests , 2016 .

[3]  E. Kasischke,et al.  Fire, Global Warming, and the Carbon Balance of Boreal Forests , 1995 .

[4]  J. Cihlar,et al.  Hotspot and NDVI Differencing Synergy (HANDS): A New Technique for Burned Area Mapping over Boreal Forest , 2000 .

[5]  A. Soja,et al.  Fire emissions estimates in Siberia: evaluation of uncertainties in area burned, land cover, and fuel consumption , 2013 .

[6]  J. Coakley,et al.  Improved calibration coefficients for NOAA-14 AVHRR visible and near-infrared channels , 2001 .

[7]  D. Riaño,et al.  Quantifying burned area for North American forests: Implications for direct reduction of carbon stocks , 2011 .

[8]  Joanne V. Hall,et al.  A MODIS-based burned area assessment for Russian croplands: Mapping requirements and challenges , 2016 .

[9]  José M. C. Pereira,et al.  Compositing Criteria for Burned Area Assessment Using Multitemporal Low Resolution Satellite Data , 1998 .

[10]  David P. Roy,et al.  Global operational land imager Landsat-8 reflectance-based active fire detection algorithm , 2018, Int. J. Digit. Earth.

[11]  David P. Roy,et al.  Separability Analysis of Sentinel-2A Multi-Spectral Instrument (MSI) Data for Burned Area Discrimination , 2016, Remote. Sens..

[12]  E. Kasischke,et al.  AVHRR-based mapping of fires in Russia: New products for fire management and carbon cycle studies , 2004 .

[13]  J. Randerson,et al.  Assessing variability and long-term trends in burned area by merging multiple satellite fire products , 2009 .

[14]  E. Kasischke,et al.  Locating and estimating the areal extent of wildfires in alaskan boreal forests using multiple-season AVHRR NDVI composite data , 1995 .

[15]  D. Cahoon,et al.  Determining Effects of Area Burned and Fire Severity on Carbon Cycling and Emissions in Siberia , 2002 .

[16]  E. Chuvieco,et al.  Mapping burned areas from Landsat TM/ETM+ data with a two-phase algorithm: Balancing omission and commission errors , 2011 .

[17]  Alan S. Cantin,et al.  A comparison of Canadian and Russian boreal forest fire regimes , 2013 .

[18]  Forest fires in Siberia and the Far East: Emissions and atmospheric transport of black carbon to the Arctic , 2015 .

[19]  G. Bonan,et al.  Effects of boreal forest vegetation on global climate , 1992, Nature.

[20]  E. Kasischke,et al.  Recent acceleration of biomass burning and carbon losses in Alaskan forests and peatlands , 2011 .

[21]  D. Swanson.  A comparison of taiga flora in north‐eastern Russia and Alaska/Yukon , 2003 .

[22]  David P. Roy,et al.  Generating a long-term land data record from the AVHRR and MODIS Instruments , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.

[23]  Manuel Arbelo,et al.  A Comparative Analysis of Burned Area Datasets in Canadian Boreal Forest in 2000 , 2013, TheScientificWorldJournal.

[24]  Eric S. Kasischke,et al.  Fire, Climate Change, and Carbon Cycling in the Boreal Forest , 2000, Ecological Studies.

[25]  K. Ranson,et al.  The Relationship of the Terra MODIS Fire Product and Anthropogenic Features in the Central Siberian Landscape , 2004 .

[26]  A. Vivchar,et al.  Wildfires in Russia in 2000–2008: estimates of burnt areas using the satellite MODIS MCD45 data , 2011 .

[27]  Emilio Chuvieco,et al.  AVHRR multitemporal compositing techniques for burned land mapping , 2005 .

[28]  H. Balzter,et al.  Retrospective mapping of burnt areas in Central Siberia using a modification of the normalised difference water index , 2006 .

[29]  W. R. Cofer,et al.  Estimating fire emissions and disparities in boreal Siberia (1998–2002) , 2004 .

[30]  Florian Siegert,et al.  Satellite‐derived 2003 wildfires in southern Siberia and their potential influence on carbon sequestration , 2009 .

[31]  Robert H. Fraser,et al.  SPOT VEGETATION for characterizing boreal forest fires , 2000 .

[32]  S. Plummer,et al.  Generation and analysis of a new global burned area product based on MODIS 250 m reflectance bands and thermal anomalies , 2018, Earth System Science Data.

[33]  E. Chuvieco,et al.  Generation of long time series of burn area maps of the boreal forest from NOAA–AVHRR composite data , 2008 .

[34]  M. Hansen,et al.  Remote sensing estimates of stand-replacement fires in Russia, 2002–2011 , 2014 .

[35]  Dave Randall,et al.  Assessing satellite-based fire data for use in the National Emissions Inventory , 2009 .

[36]  C. Ahlgren,et al.  Ecological effects of forest fires , 1960, The Botanical Review.

[37]  P. Novelli,et al.  Influences of boreal fire emissions on Northern Hemisphere atmospheric carbon and carbon monoxide , 2005 .

[38]  J. Moreno,et al.  Patterns of Lightning-, and People-Caused Fires in Peninsular Spain , 1998 .

[39]  F. Hu,et al.  Recent burning of boreal forests exceeds fire regime limits of the past 10,000 years , 2013, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[40]  D. Roy,et al.  The collection 5 MODIS burned area product — Global evaluation by comparison with the MODIS active fire product , 2008 .

[41]  D. Roy.  Multi-temporal active-fire based burn scar detection algorithm , 1999 .

[42]  Eric S. Kasischke,et al.  The role of fire in the boreal carbon budget , 2000, Global change biology.

[43]  J. Pereira,et al.  Vegetation burning in the year 2000: Global burned area estimates from SPOT VEGETATION data , 2004 .

[44]  J. Randerson,et al.  Global estimation of burned area using MODIS active fire observations , 2005 .

[45]  E. Chuvieco.  Satellite Observation of Biomass Burning , 2008 .

[46]  D. Roy,et al.  An active-fire based burned area mapping algorithm for the MODIS sensor , 2009 .

[47]  Christiane Schmullius,et al.  Multi-Source Data Integration and Analysis for Land Monitoring in Siberia , 2016 .

[48]  M. Krawchuk,et al.  Implications of changing climate for global wildland fire , 2009 .

[49]  Tetsuro Sakai,et al.  Mapping a burned forest area from Landsat TM data by multiple methods , 2016 .

[50]  D. Roy,et al.  Prototyping a global algorithm for systematic fire-affected area mapping using MODIS time series data , 2005 .

[51]  J. Dozier.  A method for satellite identification of surface temperature fields of subpixel resolution , 1981 .

[52]  T. Loboda,et al.  Regionally adaptable dNBR-based algorithm for burned area mapping from MODIS data , 2007 .

[53]  G. Perry,et al.  Monthly burned area and forest fire carbon emission estimates for the Russian Federation from SPOT VGT , 2003 .

[54]  W. Schroeder,et al.  Assessment of VIIRS 375 m active fire detection product for direct burned area mapping , 2015 .

[55]  C. O. Justicea,et al.  The MODIS fire products , 2002 .

[56]  Yu Song,et al.  Comparison of L3JRC and MODIS global burned area products from 2000 to 2007 , 2009 .

[57]  Isabel María del Águila Cano,et al.  Burned Area Mapping in the North American Boreal Forest Using Terra-MODIS LTDR (2001-2011): A Comparison with the MCD45A1, MCD64A1 and BA GEOLAND-2 Products , 2014, Remote. Sens..

[58]  T. Loboda,et al.  Mapping fire extent and burn severity in Alaskan tussock tundra: An analysis of the spectral response of tundra vegetation to wildland fire , 2013 .

[59]  Larry L. Stowe,et al.  Scientific basis and initial evaluation of the CLAVR-1 global clear cloud classification algorithm f , 1999 .

[60]  David Riaño,et al.  The Synergy of the $0.05^\circ$ ($\sim5\nbsp\hbox{km}$ ) AVHRR Long-Term Data Record (LTDR) and Landsat TM Archive to Map Large Fires in the North American Boreal Region From 1984 to 1998 , 2014, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing.

[61]  T. Loboda,et al.  Mapping stand age dynamics of the Siberian larch forests from recent Landsat observations , 2016 .

[62]  Philippe Ciais,et al.  Ten years of global burned area products from spaceborne remote sensing - A review: Analysis of user needs and recommendations for future developments , 2014, Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinformation.

[63]  D. Roy,et al.  MODIS–Landsat fusion for large area 30m burned area mapping , 2015 .

[64]  David Riaño,et al.  Burned area mapping time series in Canada (1984–1999) from NOAA-AVHRR LTDR: A comparison with other remote sensing products and fire perimeters , 2012 .

[65]  Permalink.  Arctic and boreal ecosystems of western North America as components of the climate system , 2022 .

[66]  Christine Wiedinmyer,et al.  Intercomparison of near-real-time biomass burning emissions estimates constrained by satellite fire data , 2008 .

[67]  H. H. Shugart,et al.  AVHRR-derived fire frequency, distribution and area burned in Siberia , 2004 .

[68]  J. Randerson,et al.  Analysis of daily, monthly, and annual burned area using the fourth‐generation global fire emissions database (GFED4) , 2013 .

[69]  C. Kleinn,et al.  Estimating aboveground carbon in a catchment of the Siberian forest tundra: Combining satellite imagery and field inventory , 2009 .