Sustainable feed formulation to community‐based aquaculture: Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings performance and antioxidant status

Community‐based aquaculture can reduce dependence on natural resources, promote biodiversity conservation, and improve local economies and food security. However, this activity is highly dependent on local conditions regarding natural resources, such as the availability of produced organisms, adequate feeds, and environmental factors. As ectothermic organisms, fish are more susceptible to temperature fluctuations in culture conditions. A set of raw ingredients (e.g., cassava and local beans) produced or available in villages from Cabo Delgado (Mozambique) with nutritional potential for fish feed were selected to produce an experimental diet. The following objectives were defined: (1) evaluate growth performance of tilapia fingerlings fed a diet produced with local ingredients, compared with a commercial‐like diet; and (2) evaluate the response to thermal stress (18, 26, and 32°C) by tilapia fingerlings fed with tested diets. Tilapia fed with an experimental diet presented lower growth rates, lower DNA damage, higher neurophysiological, and antioxidant activity, leading to increased oxidative stress. Regarding energy budget, tilapia fed with the experimental diet presented higher protein content at 26°C and lipids at 18°C, leading to greater energy available at these temperatures. Overall, local ingredients can be successfully used as an additional feed source for tilapia production in community‐based aquaculture in earthen ponds.

[1]  W. Gong,et al.  Effects of heat stress on the chemical composition, oxidative stability, muscle metabolism, and meat quality of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). , 2023, Food chemistry.

[2]  F. Fava,et al.  Processed Animal Proteins from Insect and Poultry By-Products in a Fish Meal-Free Diet for Rainbow Trout: Impact on Intestinal Microbiota and Inflammatory Markers , 2021, International journal of molecular sciences.

[3]  N. Moyo,et al.  A review of the factors affecting tilapia aquaculture production in Southern Africa , 2021 .

[4]  E. Giorgini,et al.  Physiological response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to graded levels of Hermetia illucens or poultry by-product meals as single or combined substitute ingredients to dietary plant proteins , 2021 .

[5]  M. Di Domenico,et al.  Pesticide effects on fish cholinesterase variability and mean activity: A meta-analytic review. , 2020, The Science of the total environment.

[6]  D. Fracalossi,et al.  Improving winter production of Nile tilapia: What can be done? , 2020 .

[7]  Hien Van Doan,et al.  The role of a digestive enhancer in improving the growth performance, digestive enzymes activity, and health condition of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared under suboptimal temperature , 2020 .

[8]  B. Glencross.  A feed is still only as good as its ingredients: An update on the nutritional research strategies for the optimal evaluation of ingredients for aquaculture feeds , 2020 .

[9]  M. Abdel-Rahman,et al.  Pomegranate peel and moringa-based diets enhanced biochemical and immune parameters of Nile tilapia with Aeromonas hydrophila. , 2020, Microbial pathogenesis.

[10]  M. Dawood,et al.  Dietary sodium butyrate ameliorated the blood stress biomarkers, heat shock proteins, and immune response of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to heat stress. , 2020, Journal of thermal biology.

[11]  I. Gaivão,et al.  Macroalgae-enriched diet protects gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) against erythrocyte population instability and chromosomal damage induced by aqua-medicines , 2019, Journal of Applied Phycology.

[12]  J. Strugnell,et al.  The Future of Aquatic Protein: Implications for Protein Sources in Aquaculture Diets , 2019, One Earth.

[13]  J. Dias,et al.  Alternative formulations for gilthead seabream diets: Towards a more sustainable production , 2019, Aquaculture Nutrition.

[14]  Hiam Elabd,et al.  Dietary supplementation of Moringa leaf meal for Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus: Effect on growth and stress indices , 2019, The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research.

[15]  H. Soliman,et al.  Assessment the effect of exposure to microplastics in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) early juvenile: I. blood biomarkers. , 2019, Chemosphere.

[16]  T. Sulser,et al.  Prospects and challenges of fish for food security in Africa , 2019, Global Food Security.

[17]  P. Gobbi,et al.  Insect meals in fish nutrition , 2018, Reviews in Aquaculture.

[18]  Y. El-Sayed,et al.  Antioxidant activities of Moringa oleifera leaf extract against pendimethalin-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) , 2018, Fish Physiology and Biochemistry.

[19]  P. Pousão‐Ferreira,et al.  Fish energy budget under ocean warming and flame retardant exposure , 2018, Environmental research.

[20]  N. Daniel.  A review on replacing fish meal in aqua feeds using plant protein sources , 2018 .

[21]  M. Pacheco,et al.  Addressing the impact of mercury estuarine contamination in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla L., 1758) - An early diagnosis in glass eel stage based on erythrocytic nuclear morphology. , 2018, Marine pollution bulletin.

[22]  A. Soares,et al.  Exposure to chlorantraniliprole affects the energy metabolism of the caddisfly Sericostoma vittatum , 2017, Environmental toxicology and chemistry.

[23]  Maurício Gustavo Coelho Emerenciano,et al.  From microbes to fish the next revolution in food production. , 2017, Critical reviews in biotechnology.

[24]  Joachim Müller,et al.  Potential of cassava leaves in human nutrition: A review , 2015 .

[25]  A. Soares,et al.  Life history and biochemical effects of chlorantraniliprole on Chironomus riparius. , 2015, The Science of the total environment.

[26]  N. Romano,et al.  A review of the nutrition and feeding management of farmed tilapia throughout the culture cycle , 2013 .

[27]  H. Cabral,et al.  Influence of temperature in thermal and oxidative stress responses in estuarine fish. , 2013, Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology.

[28]  D. Sugiyama,et al.  Zebrafish erythropoiesis and the utility of fish as models of anemia , 2012, Stem Cell Research & Therapy.

[29]  S. Wuertz,et al.  Wheat gluten and potato protein concentrate — Promising protein sources for organic farming of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) , 2012 .

[30]  P. Klesius,et al.  Lipid and Fatty Acid Requirements of Tilapias , 2011 .

[31]  Ginés Viscor,et al.  Changes in non-specific biomarkers in the Mediterranean barbel (Barbus meridionalis) exposed to sewage effluents in a Mediterranean stream (Catalonia, NE Spain). , 2010, Aquatic toxicology.

[32]  I. Gaivão,et al.  European eel (Anguilla anguilla) genotoxic and pro-oxidant responses following short-term exposure to Roundup--a glyphosate-based herbicide. , 2010, Mutagenesis.

[33]  Joana Silva,et al.  Feed intake and growth performance of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858) fed diets with partial replacement of fish meal with plant proteins , 2010 .

[34]  G. Brunborg,et al.  Twelve-gel slide format optimised for comet assay and fluorescent in situ hybridisation. , 2010, Toxicology letters.

[35]  M. Abdel‐Tawwab,et al.  Effect of dietary protein level, initial body weight, and their interaction on the growth, feed utilization, and physiological alterations of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) , 2010 .

[36]  A. Collins,et al.  DNA oxidation: investigating its key role in environmental mutagenesis with the comet assay. , 2009, Mutation research.

[37]  R. Leggatt,et al.  Effects of acclimation and incubation temperature on the glutathione antioxidant system in killifish and RTH-149 cells. , 2007, Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology.

[38]  Takeshi Yamamoto,et al.  Essential amino acid supplementation to fish meal-based diets with low protein to energy ratios improves the protein utilization in juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss , 2005 .

[39]  E. Desbruyéres,et al.  Incorporation of a mixture of plant feedstuffs as substitute for fish meal in diets of juvenile turbot (Psetta maxima) , 2004 .

[40]  L. Guilhermino,et al.  Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Juveniles of Daphnia magna Straus , 1996, Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology.

[41]  M. M. Bradford.  A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. , 1976, Analytical biochemistry.

[42]  W B Jakoby,et al.  Glutathione S-transferases. The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. , 1974, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[43]  K. Courtney,et al.  A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. , 1961, Biochemical pharmacology.

[44]  S. K. Saikia,et al.  Oxidative Stress in Fish: A Review , 2020 .

[45]  D. Butterfield,et al.  Protein carbonylation. , 2010, Antioxidants & redox signaling.

[46]  J. Diana,et al.  Relationships among nutrient inputs, water nutrient concentrations, primary production, and yield of Oreochromis niloticus in ponds , 1991 .