Das Eppendorfer Schizophrenie-Inventar (ESI) Entwicklung und Evaluation eines Fragebogens zur Erfassung charakteristischer Selbstwahrnehmungen kognitiver Dysfunktionen schizophren Erkrankter

ZusammenfassungZiel der Studie war die Identifikation subjektiver Dysfunktionen, die charakteristisch für die Schizophrenie sind. Ein Fragebogen zur Selbstbeurteilung von Beeinträchtigungen in verschiedenen kognitiv-perzeptuellen Bereichen (das Eppendorfer Schizophrenie-Inventar, ESI) wurde konstruiert und folgenden Gruppen vorgelegt: ersterkrankte Schizophrene (SCHe, n=45), Schizophrene mit vorherrschendem Negativsyndrom (SCHn, n=45), remittierte Schizophrene (SCHr, n=24), Depressive (DEP, n=43), Alkoholkranke (ALK, n=48), Zwangskranke (ZWA, n=46) und Gesunde (KON, n=57). Vergleiche zwischen den Gruppen SCHe, SCHn, DEP, ALK und ZWA sowie eine anschließende Faktorenanalyse ergaben 4 schizophreniecharakteristische Syndrome: “Aufmerksamkeits- und Sprachbeeinträchtigung” (AS), “Beziehungsideen” (IR), “akustische Unsicherheit” (AU) und “Wahrnehmungsabweichung” (DP). Weitere Analysen legten nahe, dass das AS-Syndrom einen vermittelnden Vulnerabilitätsfaktor repräsentiert, während IR, AU und DP eher reversible Episodenmarker darstellen. Diese Ergebnisse leisten einen Beitrag zur Verbesserung der Erfassung charakteristischer präpsychotischer Zeichen und verbessern die Möglichkeiten zur Entwicklung neuer Ansätze zur frühen Intervention bei Schizophrenie.AbstractThis study explored characteristic subjective experiences of schizophrenia. A questionnaire for self-assessment of disturbances in several cognitive and perceptual areas (the Eppendorf Schizophrenia Inventory, or ESI) was constructed and administered to first-episode schizophrenics (SCHe, n=45), negative syndrome schizophrenics (SCHn, n=45), remitted schizophrenics (SCHr, n=24), depressives (DEP, n=43), alcoholics (ALK, n=48), obsessive-compulsive patients (ZWA, n=46), and healthy controls (KON, n=57). Comparisons between the SCHe, SCHn, DEP, ALK, and ZWA groups and a subsequent factor analysis revealed four schizophrenia-specific dimensions: attention and speech impairment (AS), ideas of reference (IR), auditory uncertainty (AU), and deviant perception (DP). Further analyses suggested that the AS syndrome may represent a mediating vulnerability factor while IR, AU, and DP probably are reversible episode indicators. The results may contribute to refinements in the measurement of specific prepsychotic signs, thus facilitating the development of early intervention approaches.

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