An Interactive Decision-Making Model Based on Energy and Reserve for Electric Vehicles and Power Grid Using Generalized Stackelberg Game

This paper proposes an interactive decision-making model for the operations of electric vehicles (EVs) and power grid, in the perspective of energy and reserve. In this model, EVs optimize their energy and reserve plans considering prices set by the power grid. Meanwhile, the power grid aims to obtain the optimal energy and reserve prices for EVs, in order to maximize its benefits. Afterward, we use the generalized Stackelberg game to formulate the interactive decision-making model, and prove the existence and uniqueness of the generalized Stackelberg equilibrium. Finally, simulation results verify that the proposed interactive model can well enhance benefits of EVs while guaranteeing their quality of charging services.

[1]  Hoay Beng Gooi,et al.  An interactive decision making model based on energy and reserve for electric vehicles and power grid using generalized Stackelberg game , 2018 .

[2]  Mladen Kezunovic,et al.  Impact on Power System Flexibility by Electric Vehicle Participation in Ramp Market , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[3]  Jay M. Rosenberger,et al.  Bounds for Optimal Control of a Regional Plug-in Electric Vehicle Charging Station System , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[4]  M. P. Moghaddam,et al.  Optimal trading of plug-in electric vehicle aggregation agents in a market environment for sustainability , 2016 .

[5]  Victor O. K. Li,et al.  Capacity management of vehicle-to-grid system for power regulation services , 2012, 2012 IEEE Third International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm).

[6]  Vincent W. S. Wong,et al.  Electric vehicle charging stations with renewable power generators: A game theoretical analysis , 2015, 2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting.

[7]  F. Facchinei,et al.  Finite-Dimensional Variational Inequalities and Complementarity Problems , 2003 .

[8]  Andreas Fischer,et al.  On generalized Nash games and variational inequalities , 2007, Oper. Res. Lett..

[9]  Yi Wang,et al.  Mixed-integer linear programming-based optimal configuration planning for energy hub: Starting from scratch , 2018 .

[10]  P. Harker.  Generalized Nash games and quasi-variational inequalities , 1991 .

[11]  Shahab Bahrami,et al.  Game Theoretic Based Charging Strategy for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[12]  Hoay Beng Gooi,et al.  Distributed Robust Energy Management of a Multimicrogrid System in the Real-Time Energy Market , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy.

[13]  H. B. Gooi,et al.  Flexible scheduling of microgrid with uncertainties considering expectation and robustness , 2017, 2017 IEEE/IAS 53rd Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference (I&CPS).

[14]  Yun Liu,et al.  Optimal Operation of Multimicrogrids via Cooperative Energy and Reserve Scheduling , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[15]  Eytan Modiano,et al.  A Calculus Approach to Energy-Efficient Data Transmission With Quality-of-Service Constraints , 2009, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.

[16]  Feiran Huang,et al.  Design optimization of PHEV charging station , 2012, 48th IEEE Industrial & Commercial Power Systems Conference.

[17]  Ehab F. El-Saadany,et al.  Optimal Resource Allocation and Charging Prices for Benefit Maximization in Smart PEV-Parking Lots , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy.

[18]  Danny H. K. Tsang,et al.  Optimal charging operation of battery swapping stations with QoS guarantee , 2014, 2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm).

[19]  Mehdi Rahmani-andebili.  Spinning reserve supply with presence of electric vehicles aggregator considering compromise between cost and reliability , 2013 .

[20]  Emil M. Constantinescu,et al.  Flexible Operation of Batteries in Power System Scheduling With Renewable Energy , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy.

[21]  W.G.J.H.M. van Sark,et al.  Provision of regulating - and reserve power by electric vehicle owners in the Dutch market , 2017 .