A PARASITOLOGICAL SURVEY OF FIVE NEW GUINEA VILLAGES

people. However, such interference with freedom of choice is undoubtedly not warranted in Australia under the present conditions. Subsidy. One method which could be used to stimulate the consumption of wheatmeal bread would be to subsidize its sale so that it was available at a lower price. The disadvantage is the cost to the taxpayer. Taxation. Taxation means a tax on the consumption of white bread. Both subsidy and taxation are methods of compulsion in the final analysis. Education. If an 85% extraction loaf became widely available in Australia I have yet to be convinced that a well-conducted educational campaign would not succeed. Much could be done by frankly and honestly putting the case for its own health before the public. Standardization. In New South Wales the Regulations under the Bread Act of 1901 and the Pure Food Act of 1908 define the following: (a) bread, (b) wholewheat bread of wheatmeal bread, (c) wholemeal bread, (d) brown bread, and (e) barley bread, rye bread made from other than wheat grain. The regulations for wholewheat bread or wheatmeal and brown bread are policed on the basis of crude fibre content, which is not very satisfactory and is open to abuse, since the addition of bran or other fibrous substance will bring the crude fibre content up to the level required by the food regulations. Some of the other States do not even have the safeguard of crude fibre content. Undoubtedly it would be of great value to both manufacturer and consumer to revise and extend the Regulations to include a type of loaf similar to the British national loaf, as well as milk breads, starch reduced breads, slimming breads et cetera. The success of any educational campaign must be based on satisfactory regulations governing standardization.