Measuring Methods and Techniques

The chapter aims to demonstrate common measuring methods and techniques used in limnological field practice; in other words, it shows how the instruments are usually applied in real field experiment. The methods have largely been introduced and employed in physical oceanography and have been adopted in physical limnology. Stationary moorings with surface, underwater or depth-distributed buoyancy are described and their response to external forcing is compared. Advantages of on-board measuring methods like towing, profiling and sounding, e.g., with ADCP instruments, are described. The trajectories of free-fall and towed instruments are shown. Drifter-based measurements are considered.