Deltamethrin-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Virgin Olive Oil Consumption: An Experimental Study

Background: Deltamethrin (DM) is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide which can lead to pathological effects in mammals through oxidative stress. On the other hand, virgin olive oil (VOO) is a rich source of phenolic compounds with antioxidants. The aim of the present study was to determine the protective effects of VOO against DM-induced hepatotoxicity. Methods: Thirty-six mice were randomly separated into 4 groups: vehicle group, VOO group, DM group, and DM plus VOO group. Immunohistochemistry of PARP, COX-2, and caspase-3 with the biochemical analysis of malondialdehyde and total antioxidant capacity levels were performed in the liver samples 5 weeks after gavaging. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, version 15. The data were compared between the groups using the Tukey multiple comparison tests and the analysis of the variance. A P value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The malondialdehyde level in the liver was increased in the DM group (71.18±0.01), whereas it was significantly (P=0.001) decreased after VOO administration in the DM plus VOO group (39.59±2.43). While the total antioxidant capacity level in the liver was decreased in the DM group (3.05±0.05), it was significantly increased (P=0.03) after VOO administration in the DM plus VOO group (3.95±0.04). A greater expression of caspase-3 (P=0.008), COX-2 (P =0.004), and PARP (P 0.006) could be detected in the DM group, while it was significantly (P=0.009) attenuated in the DM plus VOO group. Also, the degeneration of hepatocytes, which was detected in the DM group, was attenuated after VOO consumption. Conclusions: VOO exerted protective effects against DM-induced hepatotoxicity, which might be associated with its anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative properties.

[1]  Y. Park,et al.  mTOR inhibition by rapamycin protects against deltamethrin‐induced apoptosis in PC12 Cells , 2017, Environmental toxicology.

[2]  B. Sarriá,et al.  Hydroxytyrosol in functional hydroxytyrosol-enriched biscuits is highly bioavailable and decreases oxidised low density lipoprotein levels in humans. , 2016, Food chemistry.

[3]  Pandima Devi Kasi,et al.  Olive oil and its phenolic compounds (hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol) ameliorated TCDD-induced heptotoxicity in rats via inhibition of oxidative stress and apoptosis , 2016, Pharmaceutical biology.

[4]  Yi-Jun Wu,et al.  Redox status in liver of rats following subchronic exposure to the combination of low dose dichlorvos and deltamethrin. , 2015, Pesticide biochemistry and physiology.

[5]  R. Dursun,et al.  Glutamine Provides Effective Protection against Deltamethrin-Induced Acute Hepatotoxicity in Rats But Not Against Nephrotoxicity , 2015, Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research.

[6]  Anoop Kumar,et al.  Comparative efficacy of piperine and curcumin in deltamethrin induced splenic apoptosis and altered immune functions. , 2015, Pesticide biochemistry and physiology.

[7]  M. Abdel-Daim,et al.  Synergistic protective effects of ceftriaxone and ascorbic acid against subacute deltamethrin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats , 2015, Renal failure.

[8]  F. Chang,et al.  Ca2+ movement and apoptosis induced by deltamethrin in Madin–Darby canine kidney canine renal tubular cells , 2015, The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences.

[9]  Anoop Kumar,et al.  Deltamethrin induced an apoptogenic signalling pathway in murine thymocytes : exploring the molecular mechanism , 2014, Journal of applied toxicology : JAT.

[10]  R. Raina,et al.  Sub-acute Deltamethrin and Fluoride Toxicity Induced Hepatic Oxidative Stress and Biochemical Alterations in Rats , 2013, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology.

[11]  S. Mansour,et al.  Sensibility of male rats fertility against olive oil, Nigella sativa oil and pomegranate extract. , 2013, Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine.

[12]  Xueying Sun,et al.  Protective effects of hydroxytyrosol on liver ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice. , 2013, Molecular nutrition & food research.

[13]  R. Gdoura,et al.  Antioxidant properties of Pelargonium graveolens L’Her essential oil on the reproductive damage induced by deltamethrin in mice as compared to alpha-tocopherol , 2013, Lipids in Health and Disease.

[14]  M. Ismail,et al.  Deltamethrin-induced genotoxicity and testicular injury in rats: comparison with biopesticide. , 2012, Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association.

[15]  N. Arda,et al.  Protective effects of olive oil phenolics and gallic acid on hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis , 2012, European Journal of Nutrition.

[16]  R. Kumar,et al.  Deltamethrin induced alterations of hematological and biochemical parameters in fingerlings of Catla catla (Ham.) and their amelioration by dietary supplement of vitamin C , 2011 .

[17]  H. Yin,et al.  Free radical lipid peroxidation: mechanisms and analysis. , 2011, Chemical reviews.

[18]  F. Abdallah,et al.  Comparative effects of dimethoate and deltamethrin on reproductive system in male mice , 2010, Andrologia.

[19]  I. Patro,et al.  S100beta upregulation: a possible mechanism of deltamethrin toxicity and motor coordination deficits. , 2009, Neurotoxicology and teratology.

[20]  E. Kaya,et al.  Biochemical effects of chlorpyrifos and deltamethrin on altered antioxidative defense mechanisms and lipid peroxidation in rat liver , 2008, Cell biochemistry and function.

[21]  E. Hodgson,et al.  Pyrethroids: Cytotoxicity and Induction of CYP Isoforms in Human Hepatocytes , 2008, Drug metabolism and drug interactions.

[22]  J. González-Correa,et al.  Dietary Virgin Olive Oil Reduces Oxidative Stress and Cellular Damage in Rat Brain Slices Subjected to Hypoxia–Reoxygenation , 2007, Lipids.

[23]  S. El-Maghraby.  Metabolism of deltamethrin in rats. , 2007, Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES.

[24]  M. Yousef,et al.  Deltamethrin-induced oxidative damage and biochemical alterations in rat and its attenuation by Vitamin E. , 2006, Toxicology.

[25]  F. Atif,et al.  The modulatory effect of deltamethrin on antioxidants in mice. , 2006, Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry.

[26]  Annalisa Romani,et al.  Daily consumption of a high-phenol extra-virgin olive oil reduces oxidative DNA damage in postmenopausal women. , 2006, The British journal of nutrition.

[27]  H. Kırımlıoğlu,et al.  Effect of fish oil, olive oil, and vitamin E on liver pathology, cell proliferation, and antioxidant defense system in rats subjected to partial hepatectomy. , 2006, Transplantation proceedings.

[28]  M. Emre,et al.  Pulmonary effects of deltamethrin inhalation: an experimental study in rats. , 2006, Ecotoxicology and environmental safety.

[29]  A. Kaliora,et al.  Inhibitory activity of minor polyphenolic and nonpolyphenolic constituents of olive oil against in vitro low-density lipoprotein oxidation. , 2002, Journal of medicinal food.

[30]  F. Visioli,et al.  Biological Properties of Olive Oil Phytochemicals , 2002, Critical reviews in food science and nutrition.

[31]  K. Wallace,et al.  Mechanisms of pyrethroid neurotoxicity: implications for cumulative risk assessment. , 2002, Toxicology.

[32]  F. Visioli,et al.  Antioxidant and other biological activities of phenols from olives and olive oil , 2002, Medicinal research reviews.

[33]  M. Tokarska-Rodak,et al.  Oral toxicity of deltamethrin and fenvalerate in Swiss mice. , 2001, Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine : AAEM.

[34]  J. Lykkesfeldt,et al.  Determination of malondialdehyde as dithiobarbituric acid adduct in biological samples by HPLC with fluorescence detection: comparison with ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. , 2001, Clinical chemistry.

[35]  F M Sullivan,et al.  Risk assessment of the use of deltamethrin on bednets for the prevention of malaria. , 2001, Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association.

[36]  G. Koraćević,et al.  Method for the measurement of antioxidant activity in human fluids , 2001, Journal of clinical pathology.

[37]  A. Wu,et al.  Deltamethrin induces altered expression of P53, Bax and Bcl-2 in rat brain , 2000, Neuroscience Letters.