Culture-Related Topic Selection in Small Talk Conversations across Germany and Japan

Small talk can be used in order to build a positive relationship towards a virtual character. However the choice of topics in a conversation can be dependent on social background. In this paper, we explore culture-related differences in small talk for the German and Japanese cultures. Based on findings from the literature and verified by a corpus analysis, we integrated prototypical German and Japanese small talk conversations into a multiagent system. In evaluation studies conducted in the two target cultures, we investigated whether participants prefer agent dialogs that were designed to reflect their own cultural background.

[1]  Clifford Nass,et al.  The media equation - how people treat computers, television, and new media like real people and places , 1996 .

[2]  Marc Cavazza,et al.  How was your day?: a companion ECA , 2010, AAMAS.

[3]  W. Lewis Johnson,et al.  Tactical Language and Culture Training Systems: Using Artificial Intelligence to Teach Foreign Languages and Cultures , 2008, AAAI.

[4]  Klaus P. Schneider Small talk : analysing phatic discourse , 1988 .

[5]  Peter Huber,et al.  Generating Culture-Specific Gestures for Virtual Agent Dialogs , 2010, IVA.

[6]  E. Hall,et al.  The Hidden Dimension , 1970 .

[7]  Elisabeth André,et al.  The CUBE-G approach – Coaching culture-specific nonverbal behavior by virtual agents , 2007 .

[8]  Michael Kipp,et al.  ANVIL - a generic annotation tool for multimodal dialogue , 2001, INTERSPEECH.

[9]  David G. Novick,et al.  A Computational Model of Culture-Specific Conversational Behavior , 2007, IVA.

[10]  Elisabeth André,et al.  Wave like an Egyptian: accelerometer based gesture recognition for culture specific interactions , 2008, BCS HCI.

[11]  Paula J. Durlach,et al.  BiLAT: A Game-Based Environment for Practicing Negotiation in a Cultural Context , 2009, Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ..

[12]  Jennifer Hanson,et al.  Communicating across Cultures. , 1995 .

[13]  Toru Ishida Culture and Computing , 2010, Lecture Notes in Computer Science.

[14]  Timothy W. Bickmore,et al.  The Impact of Linguistic and Cultural Congruity on Persuasion by Conversational Agents , 2010, IVA.

[15]  Tomoko Koda,et al.  Cross-Cultural Study on Facial Regions as Cues to Recognize Emotions of Virtual Agents , 2010, Culture and Computing.

[16]  Ana Paiva,et al.  Using rituals to express cultural differences in synthetic characters , 2009, AAMAS.

[17]  Yukiko I. Nakano,et al.  Culture-related differences in aspects of behavior for virtual characters across Germany and Japan , 2011, AAMAS.

[18]  M. Keaney Riding the Waves of Culture: Understanding Cultural Diversity in Business , 1999 .

[19]  Elisabeth André,et al.  Planning Small Talk behavior with cultural influences for multiagent systems , 2011, Comput. Speech Lang..

[20]  Clifford Nass,et al.  Helper agent: designing an assistant for human-human interaction in a virtual meeting space , 2000, CHI.

[21]  Gert Jan Hofstede,et al.  Exploring Culture: Exercises, Stories and Synthetic Cultures , 2002 .

[22]  Justine Cassell,et al.  Small Talk and Conversational Storytelling In Embodied Conversational Interface Agents , 1999 .