High-Energy Physics

High-energy physics (HEP) applications represent a cutting-edge field for signal processing systems. HEP applications require sophisticated hardware-based systems to process the massive amounts of data that they generate. Scientists use these systems to identify and isolate the fundamental particles produced during collisions in particle accelerators. This chapter examines the fundamental characteristics of HEP applications and the technical and developmental challenges that shape the design of signal processing systems for HEP. These challenges include huge data rates, low latencies, evolving specifications, and long design times. We cover techniques for HEP system design, including scalable designs, testing and verification, dataflow-based modeling, and design partitioning. Throughout, we provide concrete examples from the design of the Level-1 Trigger System for the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We also discuss some of the new physics algorithms to be included in the upcoming LHCś high luminosity upgrade.

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