Retrievals of Horizontal Winds from Single-Doppler Clear-Air Data by Methods of Cross Correlation and Variational Analysis

Abstract Four methods for retrieval of the horizontal wind field are described and compared using single-Doppler observations of a sea-breeze front measured during the Convective and Precipitation/Electrification Experiment. The first method examined is the TREC (tracking radar echoes by correlation) technique similar to the one proposed by Tuttle and Foote. Two other methods, similar to TREC, in which wind vectors are estimated by minimizing the difference between successive patterns of reflectivity, are then examined. These methods conceptually link the TREC method and the velocity volume processing (VVP) approach to the variational wind retrieval method described here. The variational formulation uses the conservation of reflectivity and the radial momentum equation as physical constraints and in this way it incorporates the concepts on which TREC and VVP are based. The performance of the methods is compared using the dual-Doppler wind analysis as ground truth. Results show that the variational method ...