Contents Preface Overview, Kohki Takatoh Development of the LCD Market Improvement of Viewing Angle Dependence of the Contrast Ratio Ferroelectric and Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystals Development of Novel Alignment Method The Characteristics of this Book RubbingTechnologies: Mechanisms and Applications, Masaki Hasegawa Introduction Rubbing Mechanisms Applications Non-rubbing Methods Introduction, Masaki Hasegawa Photoalignment, Masaki Hasegawa Oblique Evaporation Method, Masanori Sakamoto Liquid Crystal Alignment on Microgroove Surfaces, Kohki Takatoh LB Membranes for the Alignment Layer, Kohki Takatoh PTFE Drawn Films for Alignment Layers, Kohki Takatoh Liquid Crystalline Alignment on Chemically Treated Surfaces, Kohki Takatoh Applications of Nematic Liquid Crystals Summary of Molecular Alignment and Device Applications, Ray Hasegawa Twisted Nematic (TN), Ray Hasegawa Super Twisted Nematic (STN), Nobuyuki Itoh The IPS (In-Plane Switching) Mode, Mitsuhiro Koden Vertical Alignment (VA) Mode and Multi-domain Vertical Alignment (MVA) Mode, Kohki Takatoh Pi Cell, Masaki Hasegawa Multi-domain Mode, Kohki Takatoh Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals (PDLC), Ray Hasegawa Alignment Phenomena of Smectic Liquid Crystals Layer Structure and Molecular Orientation of Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals, Nobuyuki Itoh Alignment and Bistability of Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals, Kohki Takatoh Applications of Ferroelectric and Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystals Molecular Orientations and Display Performance in FLC Displays, Mitsuhiro Koden Alignment and Performance of AFLCD, Kohki Takatoh Application of FLC/AFLC Materials to Active-matrix Devices, Kohki Takatoh Index