Scour prediction and scour protections in offshore wind farms

This paper is the result of research whose main objective is to analyse different methods used for the prediction of maximum scour depth and scour extension, and for the design of scour protections in offshore wind farms located in shallow water, using medium and large diameter monopile foundations. Physical agents such as waves, currents and wind play a major role in the design of structures like offshore farms. As a result, the study has highlighted the need for introducing experience backed climate monomials such as the dimensionless wave height parameter (H0) and proposes the use of formulations that can express the extent of scour protections as a function of waves in transitional waters.

[1]  Bruce W. Melville,et al.  FLOW CHARACTERISTICS IN LOCAL SCOUR AT BRIDGE PIERS , 1977 .

[2]  V. Negro,et al.  Methodology for the Design of Offshore Wind Farms , 2011 .

[3]  H. W. Shen,et al.  Local Scour Around Cylindrical Piers , 1977 .

[4]  Tai-Wen Hsu,et al.  Equilibrium scour depths around piles in noncohesive sediments under currents and waves , 2011 .

[5]  B. Sumer,et al.  The mechanics of scour in the marine environment , 2002 .

[6]  Richard Whitehouse,et al.  Scour at Marine Structures: A Manual for Practical Applications , 1998 .

[7]  Vicente Negro,et al.  Proposal of a methodology for the design of offshore wind farms , 2010 .

[8]  J. V. D. Meer,et al.  Rock slopes and gravel beaches under wave attack , 1988 .

[9]  Leen De Vos.  Optimisation of scour protection design for monopiles and quantification of waver run-up , 2008 .

[10]  B. Sumer,et al.  Scour Around Vertical Pile in Waves , 1992 .

[11]  María Dolores Esteban Pérez,et al.  Integral management applied to offshore wind farms , 2009 .

[12]  T. Benson,et al.  The time evolution of scour around offshore structures , 2010 .

[13]  M. B. Zaaijer,et al.  Scour protection : a necessity or a waste of money ? , 2005 .

[14]  A. J. Sutherland,et al.  DESIGN METHOD FOR LOCAL SCOUR AT BRIDGE PIERS , 1988 .

[15]  Vicente Negro,et al.  Uncertainties in the design of support structures and foundations for offshore wind turbines , 2014 .

[16]  John M. Harris,et al.  The nature of scour development and scour protection at offshore windfarm foundations. , 2011, Marine pollution bulletin.

[17]  A. W. Nielsen,et al.  Time-Varying Wave and Current-Induced Scour Around Offshore Wind Turbines , 2007 .

[18]  Zeelenberg.  Case study: European offshore wind farms. A Survey for the analysis of the experiences and lessons learned by developers of offshore wind farms, POWER, POWER, Deutsche Windguard, Deutsche Energie Agentur , 2006 .

[19]  Erik Asp Hansen,et al.  Offshore Wind Turbines Situated in Areas with Strong Currents , 2006 .