Suppressor Variables, Prediction, and the interpretation of Psychological Relationships

ONE of the traditional problems confronting the applied measurement specialist in psychology is the large-scale prediction of particular criteria. Because it is often difficult to find more than a small number of predictors contributing to incremental validity, the idea of a suppressor variable (Horst, 1941)-one contributing to incremental validity while itself uncorrelated with the criterion-has continued to capture periodically the imagination of those confronted with prediction problems. The fact that bona fide suppressors have only rarely been reported (Lord and Novick, 1968) has not diminished the search. In a similar manner, ever since the technique of partial correlation

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