Germinal center B cell maintenance and differentiation are controlled by distinct NF-κB transcription factor subunits

Heise et al. find that the NF-κB subunits c-REL and RELA in B cells play distinct roles during the germinal center reaction. While RELA stimulates the emergence of plasma cells from the germinal center, c-REL supports maintenance of the reaction over time, possibly by inducing a metabolic gene program connected to cell proliferation.

[1]  Michel C. Nussenzweig,et al.  Clonal selection in the germinal centre by regulated proliferation and hypermutation , 2014, Nature.

[2]  R. Horton,et al.  Germinal Center Centroblasts Transition to a Centrocyte Phenotype According to a Timed Program and Depend on the Dark Zone for Effective Selection , 2013, Immunity.

[3]  R. Horton,et al.  Germinal Center Centroblasts Transition to a Centrocyte Phenotype According to a Timed Program and Depend on the Dark Zone for Effective Selection , 2013, Immunity.

[4]  W. Shi,et al.  The transcription factor IRF4 is essential for TCR affinity–mediated metabolic programming and clonal expansion of T cells , 2013, Nature Immunology.

[5]  Linda V. Sinclair,et al.  Control of amino-acid transport by antigen receptors coordinates the metabolic reprogramming essential for T cell differentiation , 2013, Nature Immunology.

[6]  K. Rajewsky,et al.  MYC is essential for the formation and maintenance of germinal centers , 2012, Nature Immunology.

[7]  M. Nussenzweig,et al.  The proto-oncogene MYC is required for selection in the germinal center and cyclic reentry , 2012, Nature Immunology.

[8]  G. V. D. Windt,et al.  Metabolic switching and fuel choice during T‐cell differentiation and memory development , 2012, Immunological reviews.

[9]  M. Shlomchik,et al.  B Cell Receptor Signal Transduction in the GC Is Short-Circuited by High Phosphatase Activity , 2012, Science.

[10]  U. Klein,et al.  The diverse roles of IRF4 in late germinal center B‐cell differentiation , 2012, Immunological reviews.

[11]  L. Staudt,et al.  Pathogenesis of human B cell lymphomas. , 2012, Annual review of immunology.

[12]  R. Sen,et al.  NF‐κB function in B lymphocytes , 2012, Immunological reviews.

[13]  Takashi Tsukamoto,et al.  Glucose-independent glutamine metabolism via TCA cycling for proliferation and survival in B cells. , 2012, Cell metabolism.

[14]  D. Green,et al.  The transcription factor Myc controls metabolic reprogramming upon T lymphocyte activation. , 2011, Immunity.

[15]  Navdeep S. Chandel,et al.  NF-κB controls energy homeostasis and metabolic adaptation by upregulating mitochondrial respiration , 2011, Nature Cell Biology.

[16]  Stefano Monti,et al.  Signatures of murine B-cell development implicate Yy1 as a regulator of the germinal center-specific program , 2011, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[17]  Stefan P. Glaser,et al.  Mcl-1 Is Essential for Germinal Center Formation and B Cell Memory , 2010, Science.

[18]  Michael Meyer-Hermann,et al.  Germinal Center Dynamics Revealed by Multiphoton Microscopy with a Photoactivatable Fluorescent Reporter , 2010, Cell.

[19]  S. Gerondakis,et al.  Roles of the NF-kappaB pathway in lymphocyte development and function. , 2010, Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology.

[20]  S. Smale,et al.  Selectivity of the NF-{kappa}B response. , 2010, Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology.

[21]  W. Wood,et al.  Single round of antigen receptor signaling programs naive B cells to receive T cell help. , 2010, Immunity.

[22]  C. Tunyaplin,et al.  Blimp-1/Prdm1 Alternative Promoter Usage during Mouse Development and Plasma Cell Differentiation , 2009, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[23]  R. Dalla‐Favera,et al.  Mutations of multiple genes cause deregulation of NF-κB in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma , 2009, Nature.

[24]  S. Ogawa,et al.  Frequent inactivation of A20 in B-cell lymphomas , 2009, Nature.

[25]  W. Klapper,et al.  TNFAIP3 (A20) is a tumor suppressor gene in Hodgkin lymphoma and primary mediastinal B cell lymphoma , 2009, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[26]  M. Karin,et al.  Regulation and function of NF-kappaB transcription factors in the immune system. , 2009, Annual review of immunology.

[27]  T. Luedde,et al.  IKK1 and IKK2 cooperate to maintain bile duct integrity in the liver , 2008, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[28]  Jan Delabie,et al.  Oncogenic CARD11 Mutations in Human Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma , 2008, Science.

[29]  K. Basso,et al.  A signaling pathway mediating downregulation of BCL6 in germinal center B cells is blocked by BCL6 gene alterations in B cell lymphoma. , 2007, Cancer cell.

[30]  J. Cyster,et al.  Germinal-center organization and cellular dynamics. , 2007, Immunity.

[31]  L. Staudt,et al.  Frequent engagement of the classical and alternative NF-kappaB pathways by diverse genetic abnormalities in multiple myeloma. , 2007, Cancer cell.

[32]  Correction for Casola et al., Tracking germinal center B cells expressing germ-line immunoglobulin γ1 transcripts by conditional gene targeting , 2007, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[33]  Roger Sciammas,et al.  Graded expression of interferon regulatory factor-4 coordinates isotype switching with plasma cell differentiation. , 2006, Immunity.

[34]  Qiong Shen,et al.  Transcription factor IRF4 controls plasma cell differentiation and class-switch recombination , 2006, Nature Immunology.

[35]  K. Rajewsky,et al.  Tracking germinal center B cells expressing germ-line immunoglobulin gamma1 transcripts by conditional gene targeting. , 2006, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[36]  Pablo Tamayo,et al.  Gene set enrichment analysis: A knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles , 2005, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[37]  Y. Tu,et al.  Cattoretti and Riccardo Dalla-favera Tracking Cd40 Signaling during Germinal Center Development , 2022 .

[38]  Sankar Ghosh,et al.  Signaling to NF-kappaB. , 2004, Genes & development.

[39]  K. Calame,et al.  Blimp-1 is required for the formation of immunoglobulin secreting plasma cells and pre-plasma memory B cells. , 2003, Immunity.

[40]  A. Strasser,et al.  The role of Rel/NF-κB transcription factors in B lymphocyte survival , 2003 .

[41]  A. Strasser,et al.  B cell growth is controlled by phosphatidylinosotol 3-kinase-dependent induction of Rel/NF-kappaB regulated c-myc transcription. , 2002, Molecular cell.

[42]  D. Baltimore,et al.  The combined absence of NF-κB1 and c-Rel reveals that overlapping roles for these transcription factors in the B cell lineage are restricted to the activation and function of mature cells , 2002, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[43]  Y. Tu,et al.  Gene Expression Profiling of B Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Reveals a Homogeneous Phenotype Related to Memory B Cells , 2001, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[44]  L. Staudt,et al.  Signatures of the immune response. , 2001, Immunity.

[45]  L. Staudt,et al.  BCL-6 represses genes that function in lymphocyte differentiation, inflammation, and cell cycle control. , 2000, Immunity.

[46]  Kenneth G. C. Smith,et al.  bcl-2 Transgene Expression Inhibits Apoptosis in the Germinal Center and Reveals Differences in the Selection of Memory B Cells and Bone Marrow Antibody-Forming Cells , 2000, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[47]  T. Gilmore Multiple mutations contribute to the oncogenicity of the retroviral oncoprotein v-Rel , 1999, Oncogene.

[48]  R. Hardy,et al.  c‐Rel is essential for B lymphocyte survival and cell cycle progression , 1998, European journal of immunology.

[49]  C. Snapper,et al.  Multiple Hemopoietic Defects and Lymphoid Hyperplasia in Mice Lacking the Transcriptional Activation Domain of the c-Rel Protein , 1998, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[50]  Y. Obata,et al.  NF-κB RelA-deficient Lymphocytes: Normal Development of  T Cells and B Cells, Impaired Production of IgA and IgG1 and Reduced Proliferative Responses , 1997, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[51]  K. Rajewsky,et al.  B lymphocyte-specific, Cre-mediated mutagenesis in mice. , 1997, Nucleic acids research.

[52]  K. Rajewsky Clonal selection and learning in the antibody system , 1996, Nature.

[53]  A. Strasser,et al.  Mice lacking the c-rel proto-oncogene exhibit defects in lymphocyte proliferation, humoral immunity, and interleukin-2 expression. , 1995, Genes & development.

[54]  B Zheng,et al.  Cellular interaction in germinal centers. Roles of CD40 ligand and B7-2 in established germinal centers. , 1995, Journal of immunology.

[55]  David Baltimore,et al.  Embryonic lethality and liver degeneration in mice lacking the RelA component of NF-κB , 1995, Nature.

[56]  G. Kelsoe,et al.  In situ studies of the primary immune response to (4-hydroxy-3- nitrophenyl)acetyl. III. The kinetics of V region mutation and selection in germinal center B cells , 1993, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[57]  G. Kelsoe,et al.  In Situ Studies of the Primary Immune Response to ( 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl ) acetyl . II . A Common Clonal Origin for Periarteriolar Lymphoid Sheath-associated Foci and Germinal Centers , 2003 .

[58]  S. Korsmeyer,et al.  bcl-2-Immunoglobulin transgenic mice demonstrate extended B cell survival and follicular lymphoproliferation , 1989, Cell.

[59]  Riccardo Dalla-Favera,et al.  Germinal centres: role in B-cell physiology and malignancy , 2008, Nature Reviews Immunology.