Visualization of transport and fate of nano and micro-scale particles in porous media: modeling coupled effects of ionic strength and size

In this investigation, the single collector removal efficiency (η) of three latex nanoparticles differing in size (20, 200, 2000 nm) is presented for a 2-D micromodel system. The η for each collector grain as a whole and by quadrant was evaluated across a range of ionic strengths (1–100 mM KCl). Fluorescence microscopy allowed for the direct visualization of latex nanoparticle transport and deposition under the aforementioned ionic strengths and particle sizes. A rigorous numerical model was developed that incorporates DLVO forces (electrostatic and van der Waals interactions), as well as hydrodynamic forces utilizing COMSOL over the range of experimental conditions tested to calculate η. This expression, based on a modification of filtration theory, accounts for the observed variation in deposition with respect to the location (or quadrant) on the collector, ionic strength, and particle size. Visual and theoretical findings in this investigation confirm that the greatest deposition along the collector surface occurs at the rear stagnation region of an individual collector. In addition, the single collector removal efficiency increases with ionic strength as well as particle size. This research demonstrates the critical nature of the cumulative effects the hydrodynamic forces, size, and ionic strength have with respect to the interactions between particles and collectors.

[1]  J. Schijven,et al.  Determining straining of Escherichia coli from breakthrough curves. , 2005, Journal of contaminant hydrology.

[2]  Nathalie Tufenkji,et al.  Correlation equation for predicting single-collector efficiency in physicochemical filtration in saturated porous media. , 2004, Environmental science & technology.

[3]  S. Walker,et al.  Coupling of physical and chemical mechanisms of colloid straining in saturated porous media. , 2007, Water research.

[4]  K. Jayachandran,et al.  Microbiological reduction of chromium(VI) in presence of pyrolusite-coated sand by Shewanella alga Simidu ATCC 55627 in laboratory column experiments. , 2003, Chemosphere.

[5]  Xiaoshan Zhu,et al.  Toxicity and bioaccumulation of TiO2 nanoparticle aggregates in Daphnia magna. , 2010, Chemosphere.

[6]  P. Jayaweera,et al.  Determination of the high temperature zeta potential and pH of zero charge of some transition metal oxides , 1994 .

[7]  Darren D. Sun,et al.  Concurrent filtration and solar photocatalytic disinfection/degradation using high-performance Ag/TiO2 nanofiber membrane. , 2012, Water research.

[8]  W. Johnson,et al.  Direct observations of colloid retention in granular media in the presence of energy barriers, and implications for inferred mechanisms from indirect observations. , 2010, Water research.

[9]  M. Elimelech,et al.  Relative Insignificance of Mineral Grain Zeta Potential to Colloid Transport in Geochemically Heterogeneous Porous Media , 2000 .

[10]  A. Bogaerts,et al.  Modelling of nanoparticle coagulation and transport dynamics in dusty silane discharges , 2006 .

[11]  S. Brooks,et al.  Fate and Transport of Hexavalent Chromium in Undisturbed Heterogeneous Soil , 1999 .

[12]  H. Orland,et al.  Adsorption of large ions from an electrolyte solution: a modified Poisson–Boltzmann equation , 1999 .

[13]  A. Poda,et al.  Determination of isoelectric points and the role of pH for common quartz crystal microbalance sensors. , 2013, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[14]  Jay W. Grate,et al.  Influence of Viscous and Capillary Forces on Immiscible Fluid Displacement: Pore-Scale Experimental Study in a Water-Wet Micromodel Demonstrating Viscous and Capillary Fingering , 2011 .

[15]  C. Granqvist,et al.  Biologically Produced Silver–Carbon Composite Materials for Optically Functional Thin‐Film Coatings , 2000 .

[16]  Jacob N. Israelachvili,et al.  Measurements of Hydrophobic and DLVO Forces in Bubble-Surface Interactions in Aqueous Solutions , 1994 .

[17]  Suljo Linic,et al.  Photochemical transformations on plasmonic metal nanoparticles. , 2015, Nature materials.

[18]  Dongxiao Zhang,et al.  A multi‐scale investigation of interfacial transport, pore fluid flow, and fine particle deposition in a sediment bed , 2010 .

[19]  V. Mohanraj,et al.  Nanoparticles - A Review , 2007 .

[20]  Matthew T Spencer,et al.  Nanoparticle characteristics affecting environmental fate and transport through soil , 2009, Environmental toxicology and chemistry.

[21]  A. Harris,et al.  Nanotechnology innovations for the construction industry , 2013 .

[22]  A. Dohnalkova,et al.  Flagella-mediated differences in deposition dynamics for Azotobacter vinelandii in porous media. , 2013, Environmental science & technology.

[23]  G. Benelli.  Plant-mediated biosynthesis of nanoparticles as an emerging tool against mosquitoes of medical and veterinary importance: a review , 2015, Parasitology Research.

[24]  Ajay Kumar Gupta,et al.  Synthesis and surface engineering of iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications. , 2005, Biomaterials.

[25]  W. Johnson,et al.  Release of colloids from primary minimum contact under unfavorable conditions by perturbations in ionic strength and flow rate. , 2014, Environmental science & technology.

[26]  D. Grasso,et al.  Colloid generation during batch leaching tests: mechanics of disaggregation , 1998 .

[27]  M. Mortimer,et al.  Toxicity of Ag, CuO and ZnO nanoparticles to selected environmentally relevant test organisms and mammalian cells in vitro: a critical review , 2013, Archives of Toxicology.

[28]  S. Walker,et al.  Effects of solution chemistry on the transport of graphene oxide in saturated porous media. , 2013, Environmental science & technology.

[29]  Y. Beyazit,et al.  Evaluation of hemostatic effects of Ankaferd as an alternative medicine. , 2010, Alternative medicine review : a journal of clinical therapeutic.

[30]  G. Adami,et al.  Permeation of platinum and rhodium nanoparticles through intact and damaged human skin , 2015, Journal of Nanoparticle Research.

[31]  L. Gu,et al.  Interfacial electronic effects control the reaction selectivity of platinum catalysts. , 2016, Nature materials.

[32]  S. Hassanizadeh,et al.  Column experiments to study nonlinear removal of bacteriophages by passage through saturated dune sand. , 2002, Journal of contaminant hydrology.

[33]  M. Hilpert,et al.  Transport of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in a silicon micromodel. , 2012, Environmental science & technology.

[34]  Joseph P. Kerry,et al.  Advances and challenges for the use of engineered nanoparticles in food contact materials , 2015 .

[35]  D. Grasso,et al.  Prediction of colloid detachment in a model porous media: hydrodynamics , 2000 .

[36]  Eric C. Le Ru,et al.  Modified optical absorption of molecules on metallic nanoparticles at sub-monolayer coverage , 2015, Nature Photonics.

[37]  C. Tyler,et al.  A comparative analysis on the in vivo toxicity of copper nanoparticles in three species of freshwater fish. , 2015, Chemosphere.

[38]  Guadalupe de la Rosa,et al.  Evidence of the differential biotransformation and genotoxicity of ZnO and CeO2 nanoparticles on soybean (Glycine max) plants. , 2010, Environmental science & technology.

[39]  Thomas H. Bennett,et al.  Sorption and filtration of metals using iron-oxide-coated sand , 1996 .

[40]  H. Karlsson,et al.  Copper oxide nanoparticles are highly toxic: a comparison between metal oxide nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes. , 2008, Chemical research in toxicology.

[41]  E. Oberdörster.  Manufactured Nanomaterials (Fullerenes, C60) Induce Oxidative Stress in the Brain of Juvenile Largemouth Bass , 2004, Environmental health perspectives.

[42]  Jillian F Banfield,et al.  Influence of surface potential on aggregation and transport of titania nanoparticles. , 2006, Environmental science & technology.

[43]  T. Nguyen,et al.  Role of divalent cations on deposition of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts on natural organic matter surfaces. , 2010, Environmental science & technology.

[44]  H. Casimir,et al.  The Influence of Retardation on the London-van der Waals Forces , 1948 .

[45]  R. Hischier,et al.  Life cycle assessment of façade coating systems containing manufactured nanomaterials , 2015, Journal of Nanoparticle Research.

[46]  Saeed Torkzaban,et al.  Resolving the coupled effects of hydrodynamics and DLVO forces on colloid attachment in porous media. , 2007, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[47]  J. Kadukova,et al.  Assessment Of Biologically Synthesized Ag Nanoparticles Toxicity Against E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Parachlorella kessleri And Sinapis alba , 2015 .

[48]  Chuyang Y. Tang,et al.  Characterization of humic acid fouled reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes by transmission electron microscopy and streaming potential measurements. , 2007, Environmental science & technology.

[49]  R. G. Cox,et al.  Slow viscous motion of a sphere parallel to a plane wall , 1967 .

[50]  Taeghwan Hyeon,et al.  Chemical synthesis and assembly of uniformly sized iron oxide nanoparticles for medical applications. , 2015, Accounts of chemical research.

[51]  Steven C. Smith,et al.  Nonlocal bacterial electron transfer to hematite surfaces , 2003 .

[52]  K. Wooley,et al.  Data Mining as a Guide for the Construction of Cross-Linked Nanoparticles with Low Immunotoxicity via Control of Polymer Chemistry and Supramolecular Assembly. , 2015, Accounts of chemical research.

[53]  J. A. Nason,et al.  Effects of natural organic matter type and concentration on the aggregation of citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles. , 2012, Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM.

[54]  Charles J Werth,et al.  Evaluation of the effects of porous media structure on mixing-controlled reactions using pore-scale modeling and micromodel experiments. , 2008, Environmental science & technology.

[55]  A. Zamanian,et al.  Investigating composite systems based on poly L-lactide and poly L-lactide/triclosan nanoparticles for tissue engineering and medical applications. , 2016, Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications.

[56]  Jiamin Wan,et al.  Colloid transport in unsaturated porous media , 1994 .

[57]  Menachem Elimelech,et al.  In situ surface functionalization of reverse osmosis membranes with biocidal copper nanoparticles , 2016 .

[58]  M. Soylak,et al.  Separation-preconcentration of nickel and lead in food samples by a combination of solid-liquid-solid dispersive extraction using SiO2 nanoparticles, ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction. , 2015, Talanta.

[59]  Arturo A. Keller,et al.  Pore‐scale processes that control dispersion of colloids in saturated porous media , 2004 .

[60]  Desmond F. Lawler,et al.  Depth filtration : Fundamental investigation through three-dimensional trajectory analysis , 1998 .

[61]  Dongye Zhao,et al.  Transport of carboxymethyl cellulose stabilized iron nanoparticles in porous media: column experiments and modeling. , 2009, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[62]  Mihail C. Roco,et al.  International Perspective on Government Nanotechnology Funding in 2005 , 2005 .

[63]  S. Maier,et al.  Plasmon-induced optical anisotropy in hybrid graphene-metal nanoparticle systems. , 2015, Nano letters.

[64]  H. Tong,et al.  Intramolecular charge-transfer emission from conjugated polymer nanoparticles: the terminal group effect on electronic and optical properties , 2015 .

[65]  W. Johnson,et al.  Gravitational settling effects on unit cell predictions of colloidal retention in porous media in the absence of energy barriers. , 2011, Environmental science & technology.

[66]  David G. Kinniburgh,et al.  Metal ion binding by humic acid : Application of the NICA-Donnan model , 1996 .

[67]  F. Fairbrother,et al.  CCCXII.—Studies in electro-endosmosis. Part I , 1924 .

[68]  C. Haynes,et al.  Toxicity of engineered nanoparticles in the environment. , 2013, Analytical chemistry.

[69]  Jamie R. Lead,et al.  Physico-chemical behaviour and algal toxicity of nanoparticulate CeO2 in freshwater , 2010 .

[70]  P. Westerhoff,et al.  Titanium dioxide nanoparticles in food and personal care products. , 2012, Environmental science & technology.

[71]  Michael Manga,et al.  A mechanism for sustained groundwater pressure changes induced by distant earthquakes , 2003 .

[72]  P. Saffman.  The lift on a small sphere in a slow shear flow , 1965, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[73]  D. N. Sathyanarayana,et al.  Surface Chemistry of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans Relevant to Adhesion on Mineral Surfaces , 1993, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[74]  T. Nguyen,et al.  Deposition of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts on natural organic matter surfaces: microscopic evidence for secondary minimum deposition in a radial stagnation point flow cell. , 2009, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[75]  T. Nguyen,et al.  Deposition kinetics of bacteriophage MS2 on a silica surface coated with natural organic matter in a radial stagnation point flow cell. , 2008, Environmental science & technology.

[76]  Arturo A. Keller,et al.  A review of visualization techniques of biocolloid transport processes at the pore scale under saturated and unsaturated conditions , 2007 .

[77]  S. Bhattacharjee,et al.  A Novel Asymmetric Clamping Cell for Measuring Streaming Potential of Flat Surfaces , 2002 .

[78]  Liping Pang,et al.  Transport of silver nanoparticles in saturated columns of natural soils. , 2013, The Science of the total environment.

[79]  Nathalie Tufenkji,et al.  Effect of particle size and natural organic matter on the migration of nano- and microscale latex particles in saturated porous media. , 2008, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[80]  Robin Gregory,et al.  Nanomaterial risk screening: a structured approach to aid decision making under uncertainty , 2015, Environment Systems and Decisions.

[81]  M. Elimelech,et al.  Deviation from the classical colloid filtration theory in the presence of repulsive DLVO interactions. , 2004, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[82]  Jose R Peralta-Videa,et al.  Interaction of nanoparticles with edible plants and their possible implications in the food chain. , 2011, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[83]  M. Ulbricht,et al.  Membrane-based purification of proteins from nanoparticle dispersions: Influences of membrane type and ultrafiltration conditions , 2016 .

[84]  Yuliang Zhao,et al.  Distribution and bioavailability of ceria nanoparticles in an aquatic ecosystem model. , 2012, Chemosphere.

[85]  R. Kirubagaran,et al.  Evaluation of zinc oxide nanoparticles toxicity on marine algae chlorella vulgaris through flow cytometric, cytotoxicity and oxidative stress analysis. , 2015, Ecotoxicology and environmental safety.

[86]  Charles R. O'Melia,et al.  Water and waste water filtration. Concepts and applications , 1971 .

[87]  Arturo A. Keller,et al.  Predicted Releases of Engineered Nanomaterials: From Global to Regional to Local , 2014 .

[88]  K. Gould.  Slowing the nanotechnology treadmill: impact science versus production science for sustainable technological development , 2015 .

[89]  L. Katz,et al.  Sorption phenomena in subsurface systems: Concepts, models and effects on contaminant fate and transport , 1991 .

[90]  T. Vogel,et al.  Fate and transport of antibiotic resistance genes in saturated soil columns , 2003 .

[91]  M. Elimelech.  Particle deposition on ideal collectors from dilute flowing suspensions: Mathematical formulation, numerical solution, and simulations , 1994 .

[92]  S. Bradford,et al.  Colloid Transport and Retention in Unsaturated Porous Media: A Review of Interface‐, Collector‐, and Pore‐Scale Processes and Models , 2008 .

[93]  B. Derjaguin,et al.  Theory of the stability of strongly charged lyophobic sols and of the adhesion of strongly charged particles in solutions of electrolytes , 1993 .

[94]  E. Kenndler,et al.  Electrophoresis in synthetic organic polymer capillaries: variation of electroosmotic velocity and .zeta. potential with pH and solvent composition , 1992 .

[95]  Harry E Rubash,et al.  The cartilage thickness distribution in the tibiofemoral joint and its correlation with cartilage-to-cartilage contact. , 2005, Clinical biomechanics.