Stratigraphy, structure, and volcanic evolution of the Pico Teide–Pico Viejo formation, Tenerife, Canary Islands

Abstract The structure and volcanic stratigraphy of the Pico Teide–Pico Viejo (PT–PV) formation, deriving from the basanite–phonolite stratovolcanoes PT and PV, and numerous flank vent systems, are documented in detail based on new field and photogeologic mapping, geomorphologic analysis, borehole data, and petrological and geochemical findings. Results provide insight into the structure and evolution of the PT–PV magma system, and the long-term, cyclic evolution of Tenerife's post-shield volcanic complex. The PT–PV formation comprises products of central volcanism, mainly emplaced into the Las Canadas caldera (LCC), and contemporaneous products from adjacent rifts. PT–PV central volcanic products become more differentiated up-section with felsic lavas dominating the recent output of the system. This is attributed to the evolution of a shallow magma reservoir beneath PT that was emplaced early in the PT–PV cycle on the intra-caldera segment of Tenerife's post-shield rift system. The rift axis has been the focus of PT–PV intrusive and eruptive activity, and has controlled the location of the stratocones. The current geometry of the rifts reflects a major structural reorganisation defining the start of the PT–PV cycle at ∼0.18 Ma, namely the truncation of the north side of the LCC/LCE by the giant Icod landslide. The internal stratigraphy of the PT–PV formation suggests that PT developed early, with PV developing as a satellite vent. Activity has since alternated between PT and PV due to episodes of vent blockage or chamber sealing. These processes have allowed significant volumes of phonolitic magmas to develop and accumulate within the PT chamber, which have vented through radial dike systems during tumescence episodes and from the rift system, which has permitted lateral magma transport. The PT–PV magma system is a potentially hazardous source of future, felsic eruptive activity on Tenerife.

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