First Data Release of the COSMOS Lyα Mapping and Tomography Observations: 3D Lyα Forest Tomography at 2.05 < z < 2.55

Author(s): Lee, KG; Krolewski, A; White, M; Schlegel, D; Nugent, PE; Hennawi, JF; Muller, T; Pan, R; Prochaska, JX; Font-Ribera, A; Suzuki, N; Glazebrook, K; Kacprzak, GG; Kartaltepe, JS; Koekemoer, AM; Le Fevre, O; Lemaux, BC; Maier, C; Nanayakkara, T; Rich, RM; Sanders, DB; Salvato, M; Tasca, L; Tran, KVH | Abstract: © 2018. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Faint star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 2-3 can be used as alternative background sources to probe the Lyα forest in addition to quasars, yielding high sightline densities that enable 3D tomographic reconstruction of the foreground absorption field. Here, we present the first data release from the COSMOS Lyα Mapping And Tomography Observations (CLAMATO) Survey, which was conducted with the LRIS spectrograph on the Keck I telescope. Over an observational footprint of 0.157 deg2 within the COSMOS field, we used 240 galaxies and quasars at 2.17 l z l 3.00, with a mean comoving transverse separation of , as background sources probing the foreground Lyα forest absorption at 2.05 l z l 2.55. The Lyα forest data was then used to create a Wiener-filtered tomographic reconstruction over a comoving volume of with an effective smoothing scale of . In addition to traditional figures, this map is also presented as a virtual-reality visualization and manipulable interactive figure. We see large overdensities and underdensities that visually agree with the distribution of coeval galaxies from spectroscopic redshift surveys in the same field, including overdensities associated with several recently discovered galaxy protoclusters in the volume. Quantitatively, the map signal-to-noise is over a 3 h -1Mpc top-hat kernel based on the variances estimated from the Wiener filter. This data release includes the redshift catalog, reduced spectra, extracted Lyα forest pixel data, and reconstructed tomographic map of the absorption. These can be downloaded from Zenodo (10.5281/zenodo.1292459).

[1]  K. Lee,et al.  MEAN-FLUX-REGULATED PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS CONTINUUM FITTING OF SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY Lyα FOREST SPECTRA , 2011, 1108.6080.

[2]  Harland W. Epps,et al.  THE KECK LOW-RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTROMETER , 1995 .

[3]  Z. Cai,et al.  Mapping the Most Massive Overdensities through Hydrogen (MAMMOTH). II. Discovery of the Extremely Massive Overdensity BOSS1441 at z = 2.32 , 2016, 1609.02913.

[4]  S. E. Persson,et al.  FIRST RESULTS FROM Z −FOURGE: DISCOVERY OF A CANDIDATE CLUSTER AT z = 2.2 IN COSMOS , 2011, 1112.2691.

[5]  A. Myers,et al.  Luminosity function from dedicated SDSS-III and MMT data of quasars in 0.7 < z < 4.0 selected with a new approach , 2012, 1209.3968.

[6]  Kevin Ho,et al.  The Detailed Science Case for the Maunakea Spectroscopic Explorer: The Composition and Dynamics of the Faint Universe , 2016, 1606.00043.

[7]  D. Schneider,et al.  SURVEYING GALAXY PROTO-CLUSTERS IN EMISSION: A LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE AT z = 2.44 AND THE OUTLOOK FOR HETDEX , 2015, 1505.03877.

[8]  R. Croft,et al.  Large-scale 3D mapping of the intergalactic medium using the Lyman α forest , 2016, 1602.01862.

[9]  Rupert A. C. Croft,et al.  Recovery of the Power Spectrum of Mass Fluctuations from Observations of the Lyα Forest , 1998 .

[10]  A. Myers,et al.  Baryon Acoustic Oscillations in the Ly-\alpha\ forest of BOSS quasars , 2012, 1211.2616.

[11]  R. Croft,et al.  OBSERVATIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR Lyα FOREST TOMOGRAPHIC MAPPING OF LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE AT z ∼ 2 , 2013, 1309.1477.

[12]  E. Gawiser,et al.  STACKED REST-FRAME ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRA OF Lyα-EMITTING AND CONTINUUM-SELECTED GALAXIES AT 2 < z < 3.5 , 2012, 1201.5630.

[13]  A. Myers,et al.  Fitting methods for baryon acoustic oscillations in the Lyman-α forest fluctuations in BOSS data release 9 , 2013, 1301.3456.

[14]  K. Lee,et al.  Protocluster discovery in tomographic Ly α forest flux maps , 2014, 1412.1507.

[15]  M. Pettini,et al.  Rest-Frame Ultraviolet Spectra of z ∼ 3 Lyman Break Galaxies , 2003, astro-ph/0301230.

[16]  A. Myers,et al.  The one-dimensional Lyα forest power spectrum from BOSS , 2013, 1306.5896.

[17]  R. Croft,et al.  Recovery of the Power Spectrum of Mass Fluctuations from Observations of the Lyα Forest , 1997, astro-ph/9708018.

[18]  L. Kewley,et al.  ZFIRE: A KECK/MOSFIRE SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY OF GALAXIES IN RICH ENVIRONMENTS AT z ∼ 2 , 2016, 1607.00013.

[19]  Adam D. Myers,et al.  The Lyman-α forest in three dimensions: measurements of large scale flux correlations from BOSS 1st-year data , 2011, 1104.5244.

[20]  Z. Cai,et al.  MApping the Most Massive Overdensities (MAMMOTH) II -- Discovery of an Extremely Massive Overdensity BOSS1441 at $z=2.32$ , 2016 .

[21]  David N. Spergel,et al.  MEAN-FLUX-REGULATED PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS CONTINUUM FITTING OF SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY Lyα FOREST SPECTRA , 2012 .

[22]  W. M. Wood-Vasey,et al.  SDSS-III: MASSIVE SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEYS OF THE DISTANT UNIVERSE, THE MILKY WAY, AND EXTRA-SOLAR PLANETARY SYSTEMS , 2011, 1101.1529.

[23]  Z. Luki'c,et al.  A Fundamental Test for Galaxy Formation Models: Matching the Lyman-α Absorption Profiles of Galactic Halos Over Three Decades in Distance , 2017, The Astrophysical Journal.

[24]  M. Dickinson,et al.  Spectroscopic Confirmation of a Population of Normal Star-forming Galaxies at Redshifts z > 3* , 1996 .

[25]  D. Schneider,et al.  Measurement of BAO correlations at $z=2.3$ with SDSS DR12 \lya-Forests , 2017, 1702.00176.

[26]  S. Colombi,et al.  Recovering the topology of the intergalactic medium at z ~ 2 , 2008 .

[27]  W. M. Wood-Vasey,et al.  THE BARYON OSCILLATION SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY OF SDSS-III , 2012, 1208.0022.

[28]  D. Schneider,et al.  MAPPING THE MOST MASSIVE OVERDENSITY THROUGH HYDROGEN (MAMMOTH). I. METHODOLOGY , 2015, 1512.06859.

[29]  G. Zamorani,et al.  A PROTOCLUSTER AT z = 2.45 , 2014, 1411.0649.

[30]  D. Schneider,et al.  Baryon acoustic oscillations from the complete SDSS-III Ly$\alpha$-quasar cross-correlation function at $z=2.4$ , 2017, 1708.02225.

[31]  A. Myers,et al.  The large-scale quasar-Lyman α forest cross-correlation from BOSS , 2013, 1303.1937.

[32]  Alison L. Coil,et al.  THE MOSFIRE DEEP EVOLUTION FIELD (MOSDEF) SURVEY: REST-FRAME OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY FOR ∼1500 H-SELECTED GALAXIES AT 1.37 ≤ z ≤ 3.8 ?> , 2014, 1412.1835.

[33]  S. Maddox,et al.  zCOSMOS: A Large VLT/VIMOS Redshift Survey Covering 0 < z < 3 in the COSMOS Field , 2006, astro-ph/0612291.

[34]  S. E. Persson,et al.  THE FOURSTAR GALAXY EVOLUTION SURVEY (ZFOURGE): ULTRAVIOLET TO FAR-INFRARED CATALOGS, MEDIUM-BANDWIDTH PHOTOMETRIC REDSHIFTS WITH IMPROVED ACCURACY, STELLAR MASSES, AND CONFIRMATION OF QUIESCENT GALAXIES TO z ∼ 3.5 , 2016, 1608.07579.

[35]  P. W. Wang,et al.  The VIMOS Ultra-Deep Survey: ~10 000 galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts to study galaxy assembly at early epochs 2 < z ≃ 6 , 2014, 1403.3938.

[36]  L. Guzzo,et al.  The Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS): Overview* , 2006, astro-ph/0612305.

[37]  A Direct Precision Measurement of the Intergalactic Lyα Opacity at 2 ≤ z ≤ 4.2* ** , 2007, 0709.2382.

[38]  The Lyman-alpha Forest Power Spectrum from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey , 2004, astro-ph/0405013.

[39]  A. Slosar,et al.  DESI and other Dark Energy experiments in the era of neutrino mass measurements , 2013, 1308.4164.

[40]  C. Steidel,et al.  THE STRUCTURE AND KINEMATICS OF THE CIRCUMGALACTIC MEDIUM FROM FAR-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRA OF z ≃ 2–3 GALAXIES , 2010, 1003.0679.

[41]  R. Charlassier,et al.  A principal component analysis of quasar UV spectra at z ~ 3 , 2011, 1104.2024.

[42]  Mark Dickinson,et al.  Multiwavelength Constraints on the Cosmic Star Formation History from Spectroscopy: The Rest-Frame Ultraviolet, Hα, and Infrared Luminosity Functions at Redshifts 1.9 ≲ z ≲ 3.4 , 2007, 0706.4091.

[43]  D. Thompson,et al.  COSMOS PHOTOMETRIC REDSHIFTS WITH 30-BANDS FOR 2-deg2 , 2008, 0809.2101.

[44]  Improving photometric redshifts with Lyα tomography , 2016, 1606.03399.

[45]  D. Schiminovich,et al.  The First Release COSMOS Optical and Near-IR Data and Catalog , 2007, 0704.2430.

[46]  Adam D. Myers,et al.  Measurement of baryon acoustic oscillations in the Lyman-α forest fluctuations in BOSS data release 9 , 2013, 1301.3459.

[47]  Adam D. Myers,et al.  THE BOSS Lyα FOREST SAMPLE FROM SDSS DATA RELEASE 9 , 2012, 1211.5146.

[48]  D. Horville,et al.  Multi-object spectroscopy with the European ELT: scientific synergies between EAGLE and EVE , 2012, Other Conferences.

[49]  Stephen A. Smee,et al.  Prime Focus Spectrograph for the Subaru telescope: massively multiplexed optical and near-infrared fiber spectrograph , 2015, 1507.00725.

[50]  Sean M. Adkins,et al.  The low-resolution imaging spectrograph red channel CCD upgrade: fully depleted, high-resistivity CCDs for Keck , 2010, Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation.

[51]  M. Puech,et al.  The E-ELT multi-object spectrograph: latest news from MOSAIC , 2016, Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation.

[52]  Scott Dodelson,et al.  Cosmic Visions Dark Energy: Science , 2016, 1604.07626.

[53]  K. Lee,et al.  Measuring Alignments between Galaxies and the Cosmic Web at z ∼ 2–3 Using IGM Tomography , 2016, 1612.00067.

[54]  Y. Jing,et al.  ELUCID—EXPLORING THE LOCAL UNIVERSE WITH THE RECONSTRUCTED INITIAL DENSITY FIELD. I. HAMILTONIAN MARKOV CHAIN MONTE CARLO METHOD WITH PARTICLE MESH DYNAMICS , 2014, 1407.3451.

[55]  Kevin Ho,et al.  A concise overview of the Maunakea Spectroscopic Explorer , 2016 .

[56]  O. Fèvre,et al.  The COSMOS2015 galaxy stellar mass function . Thirteen billion years of stellar mass assembly in ten snapshots , 2017, 1701.02734.

[57]  M. Giavalisco,et al.  The COSMOS Survey: Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys Observations and Data Processing , 2007 .

[58]  M. Viel,et al.  Tomography of the intergalactic medium with Lyα forests in close QSO pairs , 2006 .

[59]  O. Fèvre,et al.  SHADOW OF A COLOSSUS: A z = 2.44 GALAXY PROTOCLUSTER DETECTED IN 3D Lyα FOREST TOMOGRAPHIC MAPPING OF THE COSMOS FIELD , 2015, 1509.02833.

[60]  L. Verdes-Montenegro,et al.  ADVANCED DATA VISUALIZATION IN ASTROPHYSICS: THE X3D PATHWAY , 2015, 1510.02796.

[61]  O. Fèvre,et al.  THE COSMOS2015 CATALOG: EXPLORING THE 1 < z < 6 UNIVERSE WITH HALF A MILLION GALAXIES , 2016, 1604.02350.

[62]  B. Garilli,et al.  LYα FOREST TOMOGRAPHY FROM BACKGROUND GALAXIES: THE FIRST MEGAPARSEC-RESOLUTION LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE MAP AT z > 2 , 2014, 1409.5632.

[63]  C. Steidel,et al.  Calibrating galaxy redshifts using absorption by the surrounding intergalactic medium , 2010, 1011.1282.

[64]  Noise estimates for measurements of weak lensing from the Ly α forest , 2017, 1706.08939.

[65]  R. Croft,et al.  Weak lensing of the Lyman-alpha forest , 2017, 1706.07870.

[66]  Mattia Fumagalli,et al.  THE 3D-HST SURVEY: HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE WFC3/G141 GRISM SPECTRA, REDSHIFTS, AND EMISSION LINE MEASUREMENTS FOR ∼100,000 GALAXIES , 2015, 1510.02106.

[67]  Adam D. Myers,et al.  Baryon acoustic oscillations in the Lyα forest of BOSS DR11 quasars , 2014, 1404.1801.

[68]  Benjamin Dan Wandelt,et al.  ournal of C osmology and A stroparticle hysics J Past and present cosmic structure in the SDSS DR7 main sample , 2022 .

[69]  C. Genovese,et al.  Non-parametric 3D map of the intergalactic medium using the Lyman-alpha forest , 2014, 1401.1867.

[70]  N. Suzuki,et al.  Cosmological Parameters σ8, the Baryon Density Ωb, the Vacuum Energy Density ΩΛ, the Hubble Constant and the UV Background Intensity from a Calibrated Measurement of H I Lyα Absorption at z = 1.9 , 2004 .

[71]  D. Elbaz,et al.  DISCOVERY OF A GALAXY CLUSTER WITH A VIOLENTLY STARBURSTING CORE AT z = 2.506 , 2016, 1604.07404.

[72]  D. York,et al.  The large-scale cross-correlation of Damped Lyman alpha systems with the Lyman alpha forest: first measurements from BOSS , 2012, 1209.4596.

[73]  K. Lee,et al.  REVEALING THE z ∼ 2.5 COSMIC WEB WITH 3D Lyα FOREST TOMOGRAPHY: A DEFORMATION TENSOR APPROACH , 2016, 1603.04441.

[74]  A. Slosar,et al.  Measurement of baryon acoustic oscillation correlations at z=2.3 with SDSS DR12 Lya-Forests [Measurements of BAO correlations at z = 2.3 with SDSS DR12 Lyα-Forests] , 2017 .

[75]  M. Pettini,et al.  A Survey of Star-forming Galaxies in the 1.4 ≲ z ≲ 2.5 Redshift Desert: Overview , 2004, astro-ph/0401439.

[76]  P. Capak,et al.  A MASSIVE, DISTANT PROTO-CLUSTER AT z = 2.47 CAUGHT IN A PHASE OF RAPID FORMATION? , 2015, 1506.01715.

[77]  S. Colombi,et al.  Inversion of the Lyman α forest: three-dimensional investigation of the intergalactic medium , 2001, astro-ph/0105196.

[78]  O. Fèvre,et al.  Detection of z ∼ 2.3 Cosmic Voids from 3D Lyα Forest Tomography in the COSMOS Field , 2017, Astrophysical Journal.