Fires, Hurricanes, and Volcanoes: Comparing Large Disturbances

T he importance of natural disturbances in shaping landscapes and influencing ecosystems is now well recognized in ecology (e.g., Pickett and White 1985, Turner 1987, White 1979). Disturbance can be defined generally as any relatively discrete event in time that disrupts ecosystem, community, or population structure and changes resource or substrate availability or the physical environment (White and Pickett 1985). In recent years, ecologists have learned a great deal about the dynamics and effects of relatively small, frequent disturbances. Exten-

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