Impact of the Measurement Methods on the Characterization of Transient Electromagnetic (EM) Interferences above 2 GHz in a Railway Environment

In order to offer Internet access on-board trains, Wi-Fi and LTE connections are required. These communication systems can be susceptible to electromagnetic (EM) interferences present in the railway environment at high frequency, produced by loss of contact between the catenary and the pantograph. We are mainly interested in the frequencies above 2 GHz, in which LTE and Wi-Fi operate. This paper presents measurements that were carried out to characterize transient interferences above 2 GHz. Two different measurement processes were carried out in order to analyse the impact of the measurement methods on the observed main characteristics of the transient interferences. The experimental results are analyzed in the time and frequency domains.