Material and Methods

1. SUBJECTS The surgical patients were of both sexes, ASA physical status class 1-111, and were informed of the purpose and methods of the studies. They had no disease or medication known to alter neuromuscular transmission or facial expression. All comatose patients had closed-head injuries, were intubated, normoventilated and normothermic. Consent forms were read and signed by close relatives. No sedatives or drugs altering neuromuscular transmission were allowed at the time of testing. Volunteers were healthy colleagues with American (HE and LC), British (MH), Chinese (YP), Finnish (MP), Polish (ZP) and Portugese (RB) cultural backgrounds. Rats were male adults (Sprague-Dawley) weighing

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