Reconstruction of Monthly Mean Oceanic Sea Level Pressure Based on COADS and Station Data (1854–1997)

Abstract An extended reconstruction of monthly mean oceanic historical sea level pressure (SLP) based on Comprehensive Ocean–Atmosphere Data Set (COADS) release-2 observations is produced for the 1854–1997 period. The COADS data are first screened using an adaptive quality-control procedure. Land SLP data from coastal and island stations are used to supplement the COADS data. The SLP anomalies are analyzed monthly to a 2° grid using statistics based on 20 yr of assimilated atmospheric reanalysis. A first-order correction is applied to the reconstruction to minimize variations associated with spurious long-term changes in the atmospheric mass over the oceans. In the nineteenth century, the reconstruction appears to underestimate the SLP-anomaly amplitudes, and error estimates for the reconstruction are largest. After 1900 the reconstruction variance is stronger, although there are periods in the first half of the twentieth century when sampling is poor and the variance decreases. Spatial correlations betwe...

[1]  Thomas M. Smith,et al.  Extended Reconstruction of Global Sea Surface Temperatures Based on COADS Data (1854–1997) , 2003 .

[2]  Nick Rayner,et al.  Adjusting for sampling density in grid box land and ocean surface temperature time series , 2001 .

[3]  M. Cane,et al.  Reduced Space Optimal Interpolation of Historical Marine Sea Level Pressure: 1854–1992* , 2000 .

[4]  Suranjana Saha,et al.  Empirical Orthogonal Teleconnections , 2000 .

[5]  P. Jones,et al.  Pre-1866 extensions of the Southern oscillation index using early Indonesian and Tahitian meteorological readings , 1998 .

[6]  P. Jones,et al.  Extension to the North Atlantic oscillation using early instrumental pressure observations from Gibraltar and south‐west Iceland , 1997 .

[7]  T. Basnett,et al.  Development of the Global Mean Sea Level Pressure Data Set GMSLP2 , 1997 .

[8]  Thomas M. Smith,et al.  Reconstruction of Historical Sea Surface Temperatures Using Empirical Orthogonal Functions , 1996 .

[9]  J. Hurrell.  Decadal Trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation: Regional Temperatures and Precipitation , 1995, Science.

[10]  Russell S. Vose,et al.  The Global Historical Climatology Network: Long-term monthly temperature, precipitation, sea level pressure, and station pressure data , 1992 .

[11]  Neville Nicholls,et al.  A further extension of the Tahiti-Darwin SOI, early ENSO events and Darwin pressure , 1991 .

[12]  A. H. Murphy,et al.  Skill Scores and Correlation Coefficients in Model Verification , 1989 .

[13]  K. Trenberth,et al.  The Northern Hemisphere Sea-Level Pressure Data Set: Trends, Errors and Discontinuities , 1980 .

[14]  Russ E. Davis,et al.  Predictability of Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Level Pressure Anomalies over the North Pacific Ocean , 1976 .

[15]  Steven J. Worley,et al.  COADS Release 2 data and metadata enhancements for improvements of marine surface flux fields , 1998 .