Reaction of plagioclase feldspars with CO2 under hydrothermal conditions

Abstract Geological storage of CO 2 in plagioclase-bearing sediments, granitic rocks and fractured basalts is expected to have a variety of geochemical and geomechanical effects, including mineral trapping and porosity-permeability changes. The amount of CO 2 trapped by mineralisation and the extent of any changes in host rock transport or mechanical properties depend on rock composition. To date, studies of mineralisation have mainly been based on dissolution and precipitation experiments performed at ambient surface conditions, or at slightly elevated temperature and pressure. However, the reactions that occur under in-situ conditions are poorly constrained. In an attempt to determine the secondary phases formed in the plagioclase–CO 2 –water system under such conditions, we performed a set of batch experiments, at temperatures in the range 200–300 °C, using carbon dioxide pressures from 0.4 to 15 MPa. We investigated reaction of anorthite and albite, which are expected to precipitate calcite and kaolinite, and dawsonite and quartz, respectively. However, in most of our experiments, reactions precipitating clays (kaolinite and smectite or illite), boehmite, and a Mg,Ni,Fe–hydrotalcite-like phase dominated, the nickel being derived from the reaction vessel. Little or no carbonate and no dawsonite were detected. Additional feldspar-free control experiments employing Mg-rich brine showed that carbonates would be preserved in our feldspar experiments if formed, but that a carbonate substrate is needed to promote precipitation. Since the secondary phases formed in our plagioclase experiments are stable under a wide range of conditions we expect that they will also form under CO 2 storage systems with suitable fluid–rock composition. From our results we conclude that clay precipitation can proceed or accompany carbonate precipitation, depending on the availability of carbonate substrate. Though an artefact in our experiments, in the context of subsurface alkaline waste injection, hydrotalcite may play a positive role here by immobilising heavy metals, while carbonates will mineralise the CO 2 .

[1]  Taro Takahashi,et al.  Experimental evaluation of in situ CO2‐water‐rock reactions during CO2 injection in basaltic rocks: Implications for geological CO2 sequestration , 2007 .

[2]  K. Pruess,et al.  Numerical simulation of CO2 disposal by mineral trapping in deep aquifers , 2004 .

[3]  D. Janecky,et al.  Experimental evaluation of mixed fluid reactions between supercritical carbon dioxide and NaCl brine: Relevance to the integrity of a geologic carbon repository , 2005 .

[4]  S. Warne,et al.  Examination of the siderite-magnesite mineral series by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , 1989 .

[5]  Michael F. Hochella,et al.  The formation of leached layers on albite surfaces during dissolution under hydrothermal conditions , 1990 .

[6]  J. A. Gadsden.  Infrared Spectra of Minerals and Related Inorganic Compounds , 1975 .

[7]  Beverly Z. Saylor,et al.  Computer simulation of CO2 trapped through mineral precipitation in the Rose Run Sandstone, Ohio , 2006 .

[8]  Karsten Pruess,et al.  Mineral Sequestration of Carbon Dixoide in a Sandstone-Shale System , 2004 .

[9]  M. Portnyagin,et al.  Formation conditions of allivalites, olivine-anorthite crystal enclaves, in the volcanics of the Kuril-Kamchatka arc , 2008 .

[10]  R. Frost,et al.  Thermal decomposition of bauxite minerals: infrared emission spectroscopy of gibbsite, boehmite and diaspore , 2002 .

[11]  Takashi Ohsumi,et al.  Case study of geochemical reactions at the Nagaoka CO2 injection site, Japan , 2008 .

[12]  Alexander Wokaun,et al.  Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies , 1999 .

[13]  E. Oelkers,et al.  Experimental study of anorthite dissolution and the relative mechanism of feldspar hydrolysis , 1995 .

[14]  S. Carroll,et al.  Dependence of labradorite dissolution kinetics on CO2(aq), Al(aq), and temperature , 2005 .

[15]  Fabrizio Cavani,et al.  Hydrotalcite-type anionic clays: Preparation, properties and applications. , 1991 .

[16]  J. C. Baker,et al.  Continental-scale magmatic carbon-dioxide seepage recorded by Dawsonite in the Bowen-Gunnedah-Sydney Basin System, eastern Australia , 1995 .

[17]  Yi-Pin Lin,et al.  Effects of seed material and solution composition on calcite precipitation , 2005 .

[18]  Jonathan Pearce,et al.  Large-Scale Column Experiment: Study of CO2, Porewater, Rock Reactions and Model Test Case , 2005 .

[19]  Richard H. Worden,et al.  The long-term fate of CO2 in the subsurface: natural analogues for CO2 storage , 2004, Geological Society, London, Special Publications.

[20]  Yousif K. Kharaka,et al.  Ferric iron-bearing sediments as a mineral trap for CO2 sequestration: Iron reduction using sulfur-bearing waste gas , 2005 .

[21]  R. Holdsworth,et al.  Geological Society Special Publications , 2005 .

[22]  David R. Cole,et al.  Gas-water-rock interactions in Frio Formation following CO2 injection: Implications for the storage of greenhouse gases in sedimentary basins , 2006 .

[23]  Stefan Bachu,et al.  Aquifer disposal of CO2: Hydrodynamic and mineral trapping , 1994 .

[24]  R. Deboer.  Influence of seed crystals on the precipitation of calcite and aragonite , 1977 .

[25]  O. Walderhaug,et al.  Effect of meteoric water flow on calcite cementation in the Middle Jurassic Oseberg Formation, well 30/3-2, Veslefrikk Field, Norwegian North Sea , 1992 .

[26]  Patrice Piantone,et al.  Mineralogical study of secondary mineral phases from weathered MSWI bottom ash: implications for the modelling and trapping of heavy metals , 2004 .

[27]  M. Engelhard,et al.  Interaction of Rock Minerals with Carbon Dioxide and Brine: A Hydrothermal Investigation , 2002 .

[28]  Lawrence M. Anovitz,et al.  Dawsonite synthesis and reevaluation of its thermodynamic properties from solubility measurements: Implications for mineral trapping of CO2 , 2007 .

[29]  T. Hashida,et al.  Initial behavior of granite in response to injection of CO2-saturated fluid , 2007 .

[30]  F. Huertas,et al.  Experimental study of the hydrothermal formation of kaolinite , 1999 .

[31]  W. Gunter,et al.  Aquifer disposal of acid gases: modelling of water–rock reactions for trapping of acid wastes , 2000 .

[32]  M. Wilkinson,et al.  The rate of growth of sandstone-hosted calcite concretions , 1990 .

[33]  E. Oelkers,et al.  Glauconite dissolution kinetics and application to CO2 storage in the subsurface , 2004 .

[34]  P. Dove,et al.  Calcite precipitation mechanisms and inhibition by orthophosphate: In situ observations by Scanning Force Microscopy , 1993 .

[35]  E. Kanezaki.  Direct Observation of a Metastable Solid Phase of Mg/Al/CO3-Layered Double Hydroxide by Means of High Temperature in Situ Powder XRD and DTA/TG , 1998 .

[36]  Catherine A. Peters,et al.  Forsterite dissolution and magnesite precipitation at conditions relevant for deep saline aquifer storage and sequestration of carbon dioxide , 2005 .

[37]  Roland Hellmann,et al.  The albite-water system: Part I. The kinetics of dissolution as a function of pH at 100, 200 and 300°C , 1994 .

[38]  D. Koloušek,et al.  Crystallization of synthetic hydrotalcite under hydrothermal conditions , 2005 .

[39]  Donald L. Suarez,et al.  Calcite nucleation and precipitation kinetics as affected by dissolved organic matter at 25°C and pH > 7.5 , 1996 .

[40]  T. Ohsumi,et al.  Feldspar dissolution rates measured using phase-shift interferometry: Implications to CO2 underground sequestration , 2007 .

[41]  Carl I. Steefel,et al.  Reactive Transport Modeling of Geologic CO{sub 2} Sequestration in Saline Aquifers: The Influence of Intra-Aquifer Shales and the Relative Effectiveness of Structural, Solubility, and Mineral Trapping During Prograde and Retrograde Sequestration , 2001 .

[42]  W. R. Wawersik,et al.  Terrestrial sequestration of CO2: An assessment of research needs , 2001 .

[43]  Vincent Lagneau,et al.  Reactive Transportmodelling and Long Term Behaviour of CO2 Sequestration in Saline Aquifers , 2005 .

[44]  Jillian F. Banfield,et al.  The surface chemistry of dissolving labradorite feldspar , 1989 .

[45]  O. Walderhaug,et al.  Geometrical arrangement of calcite cementation within shallow marine sandstones , 1990 .

[46]  H. Pauwels,et al.  Chemistry of fluids from a natural analogue for a geological CO2 storage site (Montmiral, France): Lessons for CO2-water-rock interaction assessment and monitoring , 2007 .

[47]  H. Pauwels,et al.  Comparison of long-term geochemical interactions at two natural CO2-analogues: Montmiral (Southeast Basin, France) and Messokampos (Florina Basin, Greece) case studies , 2005 .

[48]  S. Carroll,et al.  Direct effects of CO2 and temperature on silicate weathering: Possible implications for climate control , 1994 .

[49]  B. Hitchon,et al.  Aquifer disposal of carbon dioxide : hydrodynamic and mineral trapping : proof of concept , 1996 .

[50]  K. Tödheide,et al.  Das Zweiphasengebiet und die kritische Kurve im System Kohlendioxid–Wasser bis zu Drucken von 3500 bar , 1963 .

[51]  M. Amma-Miyasaka,et al.  Origin of anorthite and olivine megacrysts in island-arc tholeiites: petrological study of 1940 and 1962 ejecta from Miyake-jima volcano, Izu-Mariana arc , 2002 .

[52]  Makoto Ogawa,et al.  Homogeneous precipitation of uniform hydrotalcite particles , 2002 .

[53]  P. Hansma,et al.  Step dynamics and spiral growth on calcite , 1993 .

[54]  D. Janecky,et al.  Carbon dioxide reaction processes in a model brine aquifer at 200 °C and 200 bars: implications for geologic sequestration of carbon , 2003 .

[55]  J. V. van Bokhoven,et al.  The thermal decomposition of Mg-Al hydrotalcites: effects of interlayer anions and characteristics of the final structure. , 2002, Chemistry.