Automated Identification and Application of Code Refactoring in Scratch to Promote the Culture Quality from the Ground up

ion Duplication-eliminating refactorings have an obvious impact on abstraction (i.e., Extract Custom Block increases procedural abstraction, Extract Parent Sprite increases object abstraction, and Extract Constant increases uses of variable, a basic data 72 Chapter 5. Systematic Code Quality Improvement for Scratch abstraction). Lastly, Reduce Variable Scope improves information hiding or encapsulation, which correlates with the increase in the usage of local variables. The result indicates the refactored projects (N=43) which have used local variables at least once could see an increased usage of local variables by 52% on average. A great room for improvement in the usages of local variable is expected as changing the scope of declared variable in Scratch is an expensive and tedious transformation requiring the programmer to create a new variable with the intended scope and replace each existing variable block with the newly created one manually.ion). Lastly, Reduce Variable Scope improves information hiding or encapsulation, which correlates with the increase in the usage of local variables. The result indicates the refactored projects (N=43) which have used local variables at least once could see an increased usage of local variables by 52% on average. A great room for improvement in the usages of local variable is expected as changing the scope of declared variable in Scratch is an expensive and tedious transformation requiring the programmer to create a new variable with the intended scope and replace each existing variable block with the newly created one manually.