A Digital-Based Analog Differential Circuit

A novel, digital-in-concept approach in the design of analog differential circuits, suitable to very low voltage, aggressively scaled, pure digital integrated circuit technologies, is explored in this paper. A differential stage based on the proposed technique is presented and its operation as a voltage comparator and as an operational amplifier in negative feedback configurations is discussed and demonstrated on the basis of theory and simulations. The practical feasibility of the proposed approach is finally verified by experiments carried out on a proof-of-concept prototype.

[1]  Paolo Stefano Crovetti,et al.  Compact, very low voltage, temperature-independent reference circuit , 2007, IET Circuits Devices Syst..

[2]  Sudhanshu Shekhar Jamuar,et al.  Low voltage analog circuit design techniques , 2002 .

[3]  K. E. Kuijk,et al.  A precision reference voltage source , 1973 .

[4]  Geng Yang,et al.  The Design of All-Digital Polar Transmitter Based on ADPLL and Phase Synchronized ΔΣ Modulator , 2012, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[5]  Yong Lian,et al.  A 0.5-V 35-$ \mu $W 85-dB DR Double-Sampled $\Delta\Sigma$ Modulator for Audio Applications , 2012, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[6]  O. Moreira-Tamayo,et al.  All-digital TX frequency synthesizer and discrete-time receiver for Bluetooth radio in 130-nm CMOS , 2004, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[7]  R. D. Driver,et al.  Ordinary and Delay Differential Equations , 1977 .

[8]  Ian Galton,et al.  A digital common-mode rejection technique for differential analog-to-digital conversion , 2001 .

[9]  P.R. Gray,et al.  MOS operational amplifier design-a tutorial overview , 1982, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[10]  A.J. Lopez-Martin,et al.  Very low-voltage analog signal processing based on quasi-floating gate transistors , 2004, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[11]  Edinei Santin,et al.  A Two-Stage Fully Differential Inverter-Based Self-Biased CMOS Amplifier With High Efficiency , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers.

[12]  Michiel Steyaert,et al.  EMI-Resistant CMOS Differential Input Stages , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers.

[13]  Germano Nicollini,et al.  A 1 W 104 dB SNR Filter-Less Fully-Digital Open-Loop Class D Audio Amplifier With EMI Reduction , 2012, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[14]  Ramón González Carvajal,et al.  Using Floating Gate and Quasi-Floating Gate Techniques for Rail-to-Rail Tunable CMOS Transconductor Design , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers.

[15]  Paolo Stefano Crovetti Operational amplifier immune to EMI with no baseband performance degradation , 2010 .

[16]  Mohammed Ismail,et al.  Robust design of rail-to-rail CMOS operational amplifiers for a low power supply voltage , 1996, IEEE J. Solid State Circuits.

[17]  Francesco Centurelli,et al.  A very low-voltage differential amplifier for opamp design , 2011, 2011 20th European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design (ECCTD).

[18]  Mohamed I. Elmasry,et al.  MOS current mode circuits: analysis, design, and variability , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems.

[19]  Johan H. Huijsing,et al.  Low-power low-voltage VLSI operational amplifier cells , 1995 .

[20]  Zuoding Wang An analysis of charge-pump phase-locked loops , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers.