Mammal repellents: options and considerations for development

Author(s): Mason, J. Russell | Abstract: Repellents include chemical substances, visual displays, and sonic and ultrasonic deterrent systems. The use of electric shock also can be considered as a repellent category. Each of these categories is discussed, together with their respective utilities, constraints on their usefulness, and possibilities for future development. Economic considerations that may impede or expedite the development of new strategies are presented. Repellent effectiveness depends upon a complex of variables, including the palatability of protected and alternative foods, weather conditions, and the number of animals causing problems. Invariably, repellents are most useful when used as components of integrated pest management strategies.

[1]  Michael R. Conover,et al.  Behavioral Principles Governing Conditioned Food Aversions Based on Deception , 1995 .

[2]  James F. Glahn,et al.  Evaluation of methyl anthranilate and starch-plated dimethyl anthranilate as bird repellent feed additives , 1991 .

[3]  Larry Clark,et al.  Physiological, Ecological, and Evolutionary Bases for the Avoidance of Chemical Irritants by Birds , 1997 .

[4]  Larry Clark,et al.  Capsaicin effects on consumption of food by Cedar Waxwings and House Finches. , 1992 .

[5]  J. Russell Mason,et al.  Effectiveness of odour repellents for protecting ornamental shrubs from browsing by white-tailed deer , 1994 .

[6]  I. Cuthill,et al.  Ultraviolet vision and band-colour preferences in female zebra finches, Taeniopygia guttata , 1997, Animal Behaviour.

[7]  Walter E. Howard,et al.  Sound as a Deterrent to Rats and Mice , 1967 .

[8]  Dale A. Wade,et al.  The use of fences for predator damage control , 1982 .

[9]  Robert G. McLean,et al.  Test Methods for Vertebrate Pest Control and Management Materials , 1977 .

[10]  Michael L. Avery.  Experimental evaluation of partial repellent treatment for reducing bird damage to crops , 1989 .

[11]  Dale L. Nolte,et al.  Potential repellents to prevent mountain beaver damage , 1993 .

[12]  Samuel B. Linhart,et al.  AVOIDANCE OF PREY BY CAPTIVE COYOTES PUNISHED WITH ELECTRIC SHOCK , 1976 .

[13]  Bruce P. Bryant,et al.  Peripheral Trigeminal Neural Processes Involved in Repellency , 1995 .

[14]  Michael R. Conover,et al.  Comparative Analysis of Deer Repellents , 1995 .

[15]  Mark Sweeny,et al.  Refinements in Scent-Station Methodology for Assessing Trends in Carnivore Populations , 1982 .

[16]  Bruce A. Kimball,et al.  Repellency of Deer Away Big Game Repellent registered to Eastern Cottontail Rabbits , 1999 .

[17]  C. E. Harris,et al.  Differential Behavior of Coyotes with Regard to Home Range Limits , 1983 .

[18]  Kenneth P. Burnham,et al.  Relative effectiveness of repellents for reducing mule deer damage , 1991 .

[19]  Gillian M. Morrell,et al.  Experiments On Mimicry: I. the Response of Wild Birds To Artificial Prey , 1970 .

[20]  L. A. Windberg,et al.  COYOTE RESPONSES TO VISUAL AND OLFACTORY STIMULI RELATED TO FAMILIARITY WITH AN AREA , 1996 .

[21]  Michael L. Avery,et al.  Repellents: Integrating Sensory Modalities , 1995 .

[22]  Stephen A. Schumake.  Electronic Rodent Repellent Devices: A Review of Efficacy Test Protocols and Regulatory Actions , 1995 .

[23]  G H Jacobs,et al.  Color vision in the dog , 1989, Visual Neuroscience.

[24]  Larry Clark,et al.  Evaluation of methyl anthranilate and activated charcoal as snow goose grazing deterrents , 1995 .

[25]  H. Sann,et al.  Nociception in pigeons is not impaired by capsaicin , 1986, Pain.

[26]  Samuel B. Linhart,et al.  Strobe light and siren devices for protecting fenced-pasture and range sheep from coyote predation , 1984 .

[27]  THOMAS EISNER,et al.  Ultraviolet light detection by the homing pigeon , 1978, Nature.

[28]  George M. Linz,et al.  Repellency of garlic extract to European starlings , 1997 .

[29]  Larry S. Katz,et al.  Development of a Bait for the Oral Delivery of Pharmaceuticals to White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) , 1993 .

[30]  N. Jay Bean,et al.  SIMILARITIES BETWEEN BIG GAME REPELLENT AND PREDATOR URINE REPELLENCY TO WHITE-TAILED DEER: THE IMPORTANCE OF SULFUR AND FATTY ACIDS , 1993 .

[31]  Lowell K. Nicolaus.  Conditioned Aversions in a Guild of Egg Predators: Implications for Aposematism and Prey Defense Mimicry , 1987 .