Detection of meningitis antigens in buffer and body fluids by ultrasound-enhanced particle agglutination.

The standard test card agglutination of antibody-coated latex by Neisseria meningitidis. Streptococcus group B, Haemophilus influenzae type b and Streptococcus pneumoniae antigens has been compared with a technique involving local concentration of the coated latex in an ultrasonic standing wave. The detection of positive control antigen was enhanced, compared with the test-card procedure, over a 16 to 64 fold range on exposure to ultrasound. Sample filtration eliminated non-specific agglutination on ultrasonic exposure of latex in control serum, urine or concentrated urine. Tests of meningitis patient body fluids showed increased detection of antigen with ultrasound for CSF (11/14 > 7/14) serum (8/13 > 3/13) and concentrated urine (8/17 > 2/17) compared to test card assays. The ultrasound detection of antigen in serum or concentrated urine was comparable to that achieved with CSF on test cards. Serum dilution experiments showed that ultrasound could detect antigen in serum over a 1000 fold concentration range.

[1]  D. Clarke,et al.  Agglutination of Legionella pneumophila by antiserum is accelerated in an ultrasonic standing wave. , 1989, Journal of immunological methods.

[2]  W T Coakley,et al.  Rapid detection of hepatitis B virus using a haemagglutination assay in an ultrasonic standing wave field. , 1989, Journal of clinical & laboratory immunology.

[3]  M. Leinonen,et al.  Evaluation of a new tube latex agglutination test for detection of type-specific pneumococcal antigens in urine , 1991, Journal of clinical microbiology.

[4]  R. Sokal,et al.  Introduction to biostatistics , 1973 .

[5]  N. E. Thomas,et al.  Measurement of antigen concentration by an ultrasound-enhanced latex immunoagglutination assay. , 1996, Ultrasound in medicine & biology.

[6]  E Tamiya,et al.  Multisample analysis using an array of microreactors for an alternating-current field-enhanced latex immunoassay. , 1994, Analytical chemistry.

[7]  I. Karube,et al.  Alternating current field enhanced latex immunoassay for human myoglobin as measured by image analysis , 1993 .

[8]  R. Allman,et al.  Ultrasonic manipulation of particles and cells. Ultrasonic separation of cells. , 1994, Bioseparation.

[9]  W. Coakley,et al.  Increased sensitivity of diagnostic latex agglutination tests in an ultrasonic standing wave field. , 1994, Journal of immunological methods.

[10]  G. Storch,et al.  Preparation of urine samples for use in commercial latex agglutination tests for bacterial antigens , 1985, Journal of clinical microbiology.

[11]  C. M. Nascimento,et al.  Comparison of counterimmunoelectrophoresis, latex agglutination and bacterial culture for the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis using urine, serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples. , 1992, Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas.

[12]  P. Griffiths,et al.  Detection of cytomegalovirus in urine samples by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay , 1985, Journal of medical virology.

[13]  Ellen Jo Baron,et al.  Manual of clinical microbiology , 1975 .

[14]  E. Benes,et al.  Rapid agglutination testing in an ultrasonic standing wave. , 1993, Journal of immunological methods.

[15]  W. Coakley,et al.  Highly sensitive detection of fungal antigens by ultrasound-enhanced latex agglutination. , 1995, Journal of medical and veterinary mycology : bi-monthly publication of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology.