Buckling of imperfect, anisotropic, ring-stiffened cylinders under combined loads

The objective of this study is to develop an analysis to predict buckling loads of ring-stiffened anisotropic cylinders subject to axial compression, torsion, and internal pressure. This structure is modeled as a branched shell. A nonlinear axisymmetric prebuckling equilibrium state is assumed which is amenable to an exact solution within each branch. Axisymmetric geometric imperfections are included. Buckling displacements are represented by a Fourier series in the circumferential coordinate and the finite-element method in the axial coordinate. Application of the Trefftz criterion to the second variation of the total potential energy leads to a nonlinear eigenvalue problem for the buckling load and mode

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