Signal processing algorithms and target localisation methods for continuous-wave passive bistatic radar

In this work, passive radar using existing commercial transmitters, such as radio, television , or cellular telephony base transceiver stations, as illuminators of opportunity is considered. The work encompasses all main processing steps in passive radar: digital beam-forming, clutter filtering, correlation processing, bistatic target tracking, target localisation and Cartesian target tracking. A circular antenna array with digital beamforming is considered. An algorithm is proposed for optimisation of the beamforming coefficients to obtain a low sidelobe level and a narrow main beam. The problem of mutual coupling between array elements is also addressed, and a method for calibrating the array is proposed. The algorithms for coefficients optimisation and calibration are verified with real measurements. The classical procedure for target detection in passive radar based on correlation processing is derived. Extensions of processing are analysed, which allow the use of longer-than-typical integration times and detect highly manoeuvring targets without performance degradation. Two classes of clutter filtering algorithms are compared: iterative and block. In the case of the iterative methods, three classical filters, i.e. NLMS, RLS and LSL, are compared. In the case of the block methods, least squares matrix solution, block lattice filter and a modified block lattice filter, are compared. The analysis of different approaches involves an assessment of convergence rate, computational complexity and frequency selectivity. Target tracking in bistatic coordinates based on the linear Kalman filter is introduced. The influence of several parameters, such as integration time and/or probability of false