Attachment of lightning flashes to grounded structures

A grounded structure can interact with a lightning flash in two different ways. It can interact with either a downward or an upward lightning flash. The initiation of a downward lightning flash takes place in the cloud, whereas in the case of upward lightning flash, the point of initiation is usually at the tip of a tall structure. In other words, upward lightning flashes are created by the grounded structure itself. In this chapter, a brief description of various models used to study the lightning attachment is given together with some of their predictions.