Foreword.- Towards a Definition of Life: The Impossible Quest?.- Infrared Spectroscopy of Solar-System Planets.- Extraterrestrial Organic Matter and the Detection of Life.- Astrobiology and Habitability of Titan.- An Approach to Searching for Life on Mars, Europa, and Enceladus.- Accretion, Trapping and Binding of Sediment in Archean Stromatolites-Morphological Expression of the Antiquity of Life.- Biogenerated Rock Structures.- Morphological Biosignatures in Early Terrestrial and Extraterrestrial Materials.- Gene Transfer and the Reconstruction of Life's Early History from Genomic Data.- Molecular Biosignatures.- Fossil Lipids for Life-Detection: A Case Study from the Early Earth Record.- Chirality and Life.- Multiple-Sulphur Isotope Biosignatures.- Stable Isotope Ratios as a Biomarker on Mars.- Viking Biology Experiments: Lessons Learned and the Role of Ecology in Future Mars Life-Detection Experiments.- Morphological Biosignatures from Subsurface Environments: Recognition on Planetary Missions.- Exploration of the Habitability of Mars: Development of Analytical Protocols for Measurement of Organic Carbon on the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory.- Urey: Mars Organic and Oxidant Detector.- Raman Spectroscopy-A Powerful Tool for in situ Planetary Science.- Protein Microarrays-Based Strategies for Life Detection in Astrobiology.- On the "Galactic Habitable Zone".- Earthshine Observation of Vegetation and Implication for Life Detection on Other Planets.- Searching for Signs of Life in the Reflected Light from Exoplanets: A Catalog of Nearby Target Stars.- Exoplanet Transit Spectroscopy and Photometry.- Future Space Missions to Search for Terrestrial Planets.- "Strategies of Life Detection": Summary and Outlook.