The 0/0 problem in the fuzzy-logical model of perception.

The "Fuzzy-Logical Model of Perception" (FLMP) has often been questioned for its presumed ability to fit any data, but no clear-cut evidence has been presented yet. This paper demonstrates the ability of the FLMP to fit random data in the "McGurk region," that is in conditions involving conflicting stimuli. This is due to the so-called "0/0 problem," consisting in the fact that any audio-visual response can be fitted by the FLMP if the audio and visual stimuli provide at least one null probability in each possible category. The consequence is a high instability of the root mean square error in the region of the best fit.

[1]  D. Massaro,et al.  Tests of auditory-visual integration efficiency within the framework of the fuzzy logical model of perception. , 2000, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[2]  J. Dunn.  Model complexity: The fit to random data reconsidered , 2000, Psychological research.

[3]  D. Massaro,et al.  Bayes factor of model selection validates FLMP , 2001, Psychonomic bulletin & review.

[4]  K. Grant,et al.  Measures of auditory-visual integration in nonsense syllables and sentences. , 1998, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[5]  Y. Sugita,et al.  Auditory-visual speech perception examined by fMRI and PET , 2003, Neuroscience Research.

[6]  H. McGurk,et al.  Hearing lips and seeing voices , 1976, Nature.

[7]  I. J. Myung,et al.  When a good fit can be bad , 2002, Trends in Cognitive Sciences.

[8]  I. J. Myung,et al.  Applying Occam’s razor in modeling cognition: A Bayesian approach , 1997 .

[9]  D. Massaro,et al.  Perceiving Talking Faces , 1995 .

[10]  D. Massaro.  Speech Perception By Ear and Eye: A Paradigm for Psychological Inquiry , 1989 .

[11]  D. Massaro,et al.  The paradigm and the fuzzy logical model of perception are alive and well. , 1993, Journal of experimental psychology. General.

[12]  Christian Abry,et al.  Asking a naive question about the McGurk effect: Why does audio [b] give more [d] percepts with visual [g] than with visual [d]? , 2001, AVSP.

[13]  David J. C. MacKay,et al.  Bayesian Interpolation , 1992, Neural Computation.

[14]  Jeffery A. Jones,et al.  Brain activity during audiovisual speech perception: An fMRI study of the McGurk effect , 2003, Neuroreport.

[15]  K. Grant,et al.  Auditory-visual speech recognition by hearing-impaired subjects: consonant recognition, sentence recognition, and auditory-visual integration. , 1998, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[16]  Woojae Kim,et al.  Flexibility versus generalizability in model selection , 2003, Psychonomic bulletin & review.

[17]  Tobias S. Andersen,et al.  Visual attention modulates audiovisual speech perception , 2004 .

[18]  J. Cutting,et al.  Selectivity, scope, and simplicity of models: a lesson from fitting judgments of perceived depth. , 1992, Journal of experimental psychology. General.