Using Concept Mapping to Explore Interpersonal Communication Components of Patient Navigation in Breast Cancer Care

Background Research exploring the relational dimensions of patient navigation identifies interpersonal communication as fundamental to the patient navigator’s (PN’s) ability to reduce barriers to care and improve cancer care outcomes. Although interpersonal communication is a core competency for PNs, its key components are commonly understudied and overlooked. Objective The purpose of this study was to identify the key interpersonal communication components of patient navigation in breast cancer care that patients, PNs, and PN administrators perceived to impact the patient-navigator relationship. Methods This study used concept mapping, a community-engaged research method. Participants completed 3 concept mapping activities: brainstorming, sorting and rating, and interpretation. Results A total of 31 persons participated in the study: 13 patients, 14 PNs, and 4 PN administrators. The concept mapping analysis produced a 6-cluster concept map, and each concept was named through a group consensus process. Among the 6 concepts, both patients and PNs emphasized the importance of “Empathetic, Comprehensive, and Compassionate Support,” “Bridge to Clinical Education and Supportive Resources,” and “Ongoing Individualized Coordination of Care” as the most important components for facilitating the patient-navigator relationship. Conclusion Patients, PNs, and PN administrators all emphasized the essential role of interpersonal communication in the PN-patient relationship and how it is woven into every aspect of the PN role. Implications for Practice As a core competency, we need to work toward the development and testing of evidence-based training to support their professional development and ultimately promote positive cancer care outcomes.