The relative accuracy of echocardiography, intravenous CO2 studies, and blood-pool scanning in detecting pericardial effusions in dogs.

This study was an attempt to determine the relative accuracy of echocardiography, intravenous carbon dioxide, and blood-pool scanning in detecting pericardial effusions. Since we usually do not know how much fluid is present in the pericardial sac of humans with effusions and the volume cannot be easily changed, dogs were used in this investigation so that the size of the effusion could be accurately controlled. Materials and Methods The 25 mongrel dogs examined were of either sex and ranged in size from 10 to 23 kg. They were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital, and catheters were placed in the pericardial sac percutaneously by the method described by Christensen et al. (3). For acute effusions, 6 per cent isosmotic dextran was used. It stayed in the pericardial space fairly well and did not draw in any additional fluid. To test for leakage around the catheter, 75 ml of dextran was injected into the pericardial sac of smaller dogs, 100 ml with larger dogs. The fluid was then removed, and, if all of it...

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