Modeling Quench Propagation in the ENEA HTS Cable-In-Conduit Conductor

The quench protection in high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets is a well-known issue. Therefore, it is fundamental to have reliable models available for the analysis of the quench propagation in such magnets. The quench propagation in an ENEA HTS cable-in-conduit conductor, developed for fusion applications with the particular reference to an insert for the central solenoid of the Italian Divertor Tokamak Test (DTT) facility, is analyzed here with a new 1-D multiregional thermal-hydraulic and electric model, based on dedicated preliminary analyses and experimental and numerical characterization of the conductor. It is shown that large temperature differences arise in the conductor cross section during the quench propagation. The model is then applied to parametrically assess the effects of delay and fast current-discharge times on the conductor peak temperature, to avoid damaging the HTS. The parametric study shows that both the delay and current discharge time should stay below 0.5 s, to keep the peak temperature below 150 K.

[1]  Satoshi Ito,et al.  Design and development of high-temperature superconducting magnet system with joint-winding for the helical fusion reactor , 2015 .

[2]  P. Bruzzone,et al.  Test of 60 kA coated conductor cable prototypes for fusion magnets , 2015 .

[3]  H. Kate,et al.  Introduction of CORC® wires: highly flexible, round high-temperature superconducting wires for magnet and power transmission applications , 2017 .

[4]  Takaaki Isono,et al.  Prediction, experimental results and analysis of the ITER TF insert coil quench propagation tests, using the 4C code , 2018 .

[5]  D. Ciazynski,et al.  Quench Detection in ITER Superconducting Magnet Systems , 2013 .

[6]  Francesco Casella,et al.  The 4C code for the cryogenic circuit conductor and coil modeling in ITER , 2010 .

[7]  T. Hasegawa,et al.  Development of a Quasi-Isotropic Strand Stacked by 2G Wires , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity.

[8]  Antti Stenvall,et al.  Predicting Heat Propagation in Roebel-Cable-Based Accelerator Magnet Prototype: One-Dimensional Approach With Coupled Turns , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity.

[9]  L. Bottura,et al.  A general model for thermal, hydraulic and electric analysis of superconducting cables , 2000 .

[10]  Marco Breschi,et al.  Electrothermal Analysis of a Twisted Stacked YBCO Cable-in-Conduit Conductor , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity.

[11]  R. Scanlan,et al.  A fiber-optic strain measurement and quench localization system for use in superconducting accelerator dipole magnets , 1995, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity.

[12]  J. Minervini,et al.  Cabling Method for High Current Conductors Made of HTS Tapes , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity.

[13]  L. Savoldi,et al.  A new model for the analysis of quench in HTS cable-in-conduit conductors based on the twisted-stacked-tape cable concept for fusion applications , 2020, Superconductor Science and Technology.

[14]  L. Savoldi,et al.  Thermal–Hydraulic Modeling of a Novel HTS CICC for Nuclear Fusion Applications , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity.

[15]  Walter H. Fietz,et al.  HTS CroCo: A Stacked HTS Conductor Optimized for High Currents and Long-Length Production , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity.

[16]  R. Zanino,et al.  CFD Modeling of ITER Cable‐in‐Conduit Superconductors. Part I: Friction in the Central Channel , 2006 .

[17]  R. Heller,et al.  Thermal-hydraulic analysis of an HTS DEMO TF coil , 2018, Cryogenics.

[18]  K. Weiss,et al.  Thermal Properties of ReBCO Copper Stabilized Superconducting Tapes , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity.

[19]  Wilfried Goldacker,et al.  Status of high transport current ROEBEL assembled coated conductor cables , 2009 .

[20]  W. Fietz,et al.  Design and analysis of HTS subsize-conductors for quench investigations towards future HTS fusion magnets , 2019 .

[21]  D. Uglietti,et al.  Design of a Quench Protection System for a Coated Conductor Insert Coil , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity.

[22]  L. Muzzi,et al.  Design of an Industrially Feasible Twisted-Stack HTS Cable-in-Conduit Conductor for Fusion Application , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity.

[23]  P. Bruzzone,et al.  Quench Simulation of REBCO Cable-in-Conduit Conductor With Twisted Stacked-Tape Cable , 2020, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity.

[24]  A. Nijhuisa,et al.  Measurement and analysis of normal zone propagation in a ReBCO coated conductor at temperatures below 50 K , 2015 .

[25]  P. Ribani,et al.  Electrothermal Modeling of Quench in REBCO Roebel Cables , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity.

[26]  L. Savoldi,et al.  A critical assessment of thermal–hydraulic modeling of HTS twisted-stacked-tape cable conductors for fusion applications , 2019, Superconductor Science and Technology.

[27]  P. Barnes,et al.  The effects of superconductor–stabilizer interfacial resistance on the quench of a current-carrying coated conductor , 2009, 0909.5209.

[28]  N. Yanagi,et al.  High temperature superconductors for fusion magnets , 2018, Nuclear Fusion.