Design and Optimization of Magnetic-core Solenoid Inductor for Multi-phase Buck Converter

Due to heterogeneous integration, there is an increased demand for on-chip voltage regulators to provide many voltage domains for efficient operation of the system. Towards this, planar magnetic-core based inductors gained popularity due to their increased inductance density for on-chip buck converter realization. To ensure proper operation of the converter, the magnetic-core should not saturate, and over-design of the inductor decreases the efficiency of the converter significantly. Also, the magnetic-core area budget allocated to the converter implementation will be limited. This paper details the design and analysis of magnetic-core solenoid inductor based multi-phase buck converter. Also, an optimization framework to design an efficient multi-phase buck converter for the given specifications with the magnetic-core solenoid inductor is proposed. Full-wave simulations on commercial tool show that the multi-phase buck converter designed with our optimization framework achieves 92.8% efficiency and 0.5mV voltage ripple for the load current of 500 mA with the solenoid inductor is implemented with 0.397 mm2 magnetic-core area for the given specifications.

[1]  Yiyu Shi,et al.  Through-silicon-via inductor: Is it real or just a fantasy? , 2014, 2014 19th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC).

[2]  Zheng Xu,et al.  Energy-efficient low-voltage operation of digital CMOS circuits through charge-recycling , 2004, 2004 Symposium on VLSI Circuits. Digest of Technical Papers (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37525).

[3]  R. Harjani,et al.  A High-Efficiency DC–DC Converter Using 2 nH Integrated Inductors , 2008, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[4]  Krishnan Ravichandran,et al.  A Digitally Controlled Fully Integrated Voltage Regulator With 3-D-TSV-Based On-Die Solenoid Inductor With a Planar Magnetic Core for 3-D-Stacked Die Applications in 14-nm Tri-Gate CMOS , 2018, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[5]  Peng Xu Multiphase Voltage Regulator Modules with Magnetic Integration to Power Microprocessors , 2002 .

[6]  Yiyu Shi,et al.  Modeling and Optimization of Magnetic Core TSV-Inductor for On-Chip DC-DC Converter , 2018, 2018 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD).

[7]  Yiyu Shi,et al.  Dynamic Frequency Scaling Aware Opportunistic Through-Silicon-Via Inductor Utilization in Resonant Clocking , 2020, IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems.

[8]  G. Schrom,et al.  Integrated On-Chip Inductors With Magnetic Films , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.

[9]  Xiaosen Liu,et al.  A Digitally Controlled Fully Integrated Voltage Regulator With On-Die Solenoid Inductor With Planar Magnetic Core in 14-nm Tri-Gate CMOS , 2018, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[10]  Karthikeyan Sankaralingam,et al.  Power challenges may end the multicore era , 2013, CACM.

[11]  Yiyu Shi,et al.  On the Efficacy of Through-Silicon-Via Inductors , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems.

[12]  Yiyu Shi,et al.  Opportunistic through-silicon-via inductor utilization in LC resonant clocks: Concept and algorithms , 2014, 2014 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD).