Cluster Head Election with Hexagonal Node Deployment Technique in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are a network of large number of wireless sensor nodes deployed over a wide geographical area. The sensor nodes have a limited amount of memory as well as power. Excess extent of energy is dissipated during data transmission to the base station (sink) from normal sensor nodes. The efficient way of prolonging the lifetime of sensor nodes is clustering which optimizes the energy dissipation of WSNs. In this paper, a homogenous clustering algorithm based on fuzzy logic has been proposed in which cluster head election is done with the help of two fuzzy descriptors namely residual energy and proximity distance. The sensor nodes have been hexagonally deployed in the homogenous environment. This covers the sensing area efficiently along with reducing the redundancy in data being transmitted by the sensor nodes. This algorithm has been compared with the low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) protocol. The simulation results show that the proposed approach outperforms the LEACH protocol in terms of number of data packets transmitted to base station, energy consumption and prolonged network lifetime.