Responsive polyelectrolyte multilayers

In this review we present selected recent developments of responsive multilayers formed by layer-by-layer assembly of oppositely charged polymers, with particular emphasis on the preparation of temperature- and pH-sensitive systems. We discuss the influence of the architecture and of the nature of the polyelectrolytes used on the responsive behavior of the films. Different strategies based on polyelectrolyte shells or films incorporating stimuli-responsive polyelectrolytes are reviewed as well as the entrapment of stimuli-responsive polymer into hollow capsules.

[1]  R. Freitag,et al.  Salt Effects on the Thermoprecipitation of Poly-(N-isopropylacrylamide) Oligomers from Aqueous Solution , 2002 .

[2]  A. Hoffman,et al.  A new temperature- and pH-responsive copolymer for possible use in protein conjugation , 1995 .

[3]  H. Möhwald,et al.  Coil-to-globule transition of PNIPAM graft copolymers with charged side chains: A ¹H and ²H NMR and spin relaxation study , 2006 .

[4]  H. Möhwald,et al.  Controlled Permeability of Polyelectrolyte Capsules via Defined Annealing , 2002 .

[5]  M. Serpe,et al.  Thermally modulated insulin release from microgel thin films. , 2004, Biomacromolecules.

[6]  D. Kuckling,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of biresponsive graft copolymer gels , 2002 .

[7]  Paula T. Hammond,et al.  Recent explorations in electrostatic multilayer thin film assembly , 1999 .

[8]  G. Sukhorukov,et al.  Defined Picogram Dose Inclusion and Release of Macromolecules using Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules , 2005 .

[9]  Helmuth Möhwald,et al.  Novel Hollow Polymer Shells by Colloid-Templated Assembly of Polyelectrolytes. , 1998, Angewandte Chemie.

[10]  S. Minko Responsive polymer materials : design and applications , 2006 .

[11]  M. Schönhoff Layered polyelectrolyte complexes: physics of formation and molecular properties , 2003 .

[12]  W. Jaeger,et al.  Charge effects on the formation of multilayers containing strong polyelectrolytes , 2003 .

[13]  M. Schönhoff,et al.  Thermoreversible polymers adsorbed to colloidal silica : a 1H NMR and DSC study of the phase transition in confined geometry , 2002 .

[14]  N. Peppas,et al.  Hydrogels in Pharmaceutical Formulations , 1999 .

[15]  Gero Decher,et al.  Multilayer Thin Films: Sequential Assembly of Nanocomposite Materials , 2003 .

[16]  M. Schönhoff,et al.  Self-assembled polyelectrolyte multilayers , 2003 .

[17]  Gleb B. Sukhorukov,et al.  Reversible pH-Dependent Properties of Multilayer Microcapsules Made of Weak Polyelectrolytes , 2004 .

[18]  L. Andrew Lyon,et al.  Layer-by-Layer Deposition of Thermoresponsive Microgel Thin Films , 2003 .

[19]  D. H. Napper,et al.  Conformational Transitions of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Chains Loopily Absorbed at the Surfaces of Poly(N-tert-butylacrylamide) Latex Particles in Water , 1997 .

[20]  Gleb B. Sukhorukov,et al.  LAYER-BY-LAYER SELF ASSEMBLY OF POLYELECTROLYTES ON COLLOIDAL PARTICLES , 1998 .

[21]  J. Schlenoff,et al.  Polyelectrolyte Multilayers with Reversible Thermal Responsivity , 2005 .

[22]  S. Sukhishvili Responsive polymer films and capsules via layer-by-layer assembly , 2005 .

[23]  H. Möhwald,et al.  Fabrication of micro reaction cages with tailored properties. , 2001, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[24]  G. Sukhorukov,et al.  Base-acid equilibria in polyelectrolyte systems: From weak polyelectrolytes to interpolyelectrolyte complexes and multilayered polyelectrolyte shells , 2003 .

[25]  H. Möhwald,et al.  Smart inorganic/organic nanocomposite hollow microcapsules. , 2003, Angewandte Chemie.

[26]  H. Adler,et al.  Temperature and pH dependent solubility of novel poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐copolymers , 2000 .

[27]  Johannes Schmitt,et al.  Buildup of ultrathin multilayer films by a self-assembly process: III. Consecutively alternating adsorption of anionic and cationic polyelectrolytes on charged surfaces , 1992 .

[28]  C. Barrett,et al.  Acid-base equilibria of weak polyelectrolytes in multilayer thin films , 2003 .

[29]  L. Richert,et al.  Improvement of stability and cell adhesion properties of polyelectrolyte multilayer films by chemical cross-linking. , 2004, Biomacromolecules.

[30]  Jan Feijen,et al.  Effect of comonomer hydrophilicity and ionization on the lower critical solution temperature of N-isopropylacrylamide copolymers , 1993 .

[31]  Oscar Chiantore,et al.  Solution properties of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) , 1979 .

[32]  H. Adler,et al.  Photocrosslinking of thin polymer films – materials for sensors and actuators , 1999 .

[33]  H. Möhwald,et al.  Microcapsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: templating and stimuli-responsive properties. , 2006, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[34]  Lars Dähne,et al.  Tailor-made polyelectrolyte microcapsules: from multilayers to smart containers. , 2004, Angewandte Chemie.

[35]  S. Sukhishvili,et al.  Ionization and pH Stability of Multilayers Formed by Self-Assembly of Weak Polyelectrolytes , 2003 .

[36]  M. Ballauff,et al.  Observation of the volume transition in thermosensitive core-shell latex particles by small-angle X-ray scattering , 1998 .

[37]  A. Jonas,et al.  Influence of polyelectrolyte charge density on the formation of multilayers of strong polyelectrolytes at low ionic strength , 2002 .

[38]  D. Kuckling,et al.  Multisensitive polymers based on 2‐vinylpyridine and N‐isopropylacrylamide * , 2001 .

[39]  R. Steitz,et al.  Influence of the ionic strength on the structure of polyelectrolyte films at the solid/liquid interface , 2000 .

[40]  Howard G. Schild,et al.  Microcalorimetric detection of lower critical solution temperatures in aqueous polymer solutions , 1990 .

[41]  S. Wall,et al.  Coil-to-globule-type transition of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) adsorbed on colloidal silica particles , 2000, Colloid and Polymer Science.

[42]  Michael F. Rubner,et al.  Reversible Molecular Memory and pH-Switchable Swelling Transitions in Polyelectrolyte Multilayers , 2003 .

[43]  Gero Decher,et al.  Fuzzy Nanoassemblies: Toward Layered Polymeric Multicomposites , 1997 .

[44]  G. Sukhorukov,et al.  Balance of hydrophobic and electrostatic forces in the pH response of weak polyelectrolyte capsules. , 2006, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[45]  Lei Zhai,et al.  Stable Superhydrophobic Coatings from Polyelectrolyte Multilayers , 2004 .

[46]  H. Möhwald,et al.  Behavior of temperature-sensitive PNIPAM confined in polyelectrolyte capsules. , 2006, Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry.

[47]  G. Sukhorukov,et al.  pH-responsive properties of hollow polyelectrolyte microcapsules templated on various cores. , 2004, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[48]  K. Tauer,et al.  Temperature-induced changes in polyelectrolyte films at the solid–liquid interface , 2002 .

[49]  H. Möhwald,et al.  Adsorption of novel thermosensitive graft-copolymers: Core-shell particles prepared by polyelectrolyte multilayer self-assembly. , 2006, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[50]  T. Hellweg,et al.  Effect of connectivity and charge density on the swelling and local structural and dynamic properties of colloidal PNIPAM microgels , 1998 .

[51]  W. Richtering,et al.  Surface Modification of Thermoresponsive Microgels via Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers , 2006 .

[52]  H. Möhwald,et al.  Thermosensitive hollow capsules based on thermoresponsive polyelectrolytes , 2003 .

[53]  J. Schlenoff,et al.  Phase separations in pH-responsive polyelectrolyte multilayers: charge extrusion versus charge expulsion. , 2004, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[54]  F. Caruso,et al.  Facile tailoring of film morphology and release properties using layer-by-layer assembly of thermoresponsive materials. , 2004, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[55]  Andreas Voigt,et al.  pH-controlled macromolecule encapsulation in and release from polyelectrolyte multilayer nanocapsules. , 2001 .

[56]  R. Steitz,et al.  Influence of Charge Density and Ionic Strength on the Multilayer Formation of Strong Polyelectrolytes , 2001 .

[57]  Alain M. Jonas,et al.  Ultrathin polymer coatings by complexation of polyelectrolytes at interfaces: suitable materials, structure and properties , 2000 .

[58]  M. Schönhoff,et al.  1H NMR of thermoreversible polymers in solution and at interfaces: the influence of charged groups on the phase transition , 2001 .

[59]  H. Möhwald,et al.  Polyelectrolyte multilayer capsule permeability control , 2002 .

[60]  Satoshi Takahashi,et al.  Direct observation of the multistep helix formation of poly-L-glutamic acids. , 2002, Journal of the American Chemical Society.