Using Mathematica and Maple To Obtain Chemical Equations

Mathematica and Maple, or similar software, can be readily used to obtain "balanced" chemical equations to represent the stoichiometry of a reacting system consisting of a given list of species. Writing chemical equations requires only one of the most fundamental concepts in chemistry, that of conservation of elemental species (including charge), which is the basis for the approach implemented by the software. The use of such software, which is becoming increasingly widespread, can eliminate any drudgery associated with this task. For example, for redox systems, "balancing" even a single equation may present considerable difficulty by other methods. A straightforward stepwise procedure is described for each of Mathematica and Maple, applicable to systems of any complexity. The procedures are illustrated by two examples, one for a "difficult" redox system, and the other for a multi-equation inorganic system.We discuss general features of the approach described, including its ability to determine the correc...