Cancer incidence near municipal solid waste incinerators in Great Britain. Part 2: histopathological and case-note review of primary liver cancer cases

We reported previously a 37% excess risk of liver cancer within 1 km of municipal incinerators. Of 119/235 (51%) cases reviewed, primary liver cancer was confirmed in 66 (55%) with 21 (18%) definite secondary cancers. The proportions of true primaries ranging between 55% and 82% (i.e. excluding secondary cancers) give revised estimates of between 0.53 and 0.78 excess cases per 105 per year within 1 km. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaign

[1]  P. A. Honchar,et al.  Cancer mortality in workers exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. , 1991, The New England journal of medicine.

[2]  Chemicals, industrial processes and industries associated with cancer in humans. , 1982, IARC monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans. Supplement.

[3]  S. Rodella,et al.  Diagnostic Accuracy of Primary Liver Cancer: Implications for Cancer Registration , 1995, Tumori.

[4]  O L Lloyd,et al.  Twinning in human populations and in cattle exposed to air pollution from incinerators. , 1988, British journal of industrial medicine.

[5]  I Kleinschmidt,et al.  Smoking behaviour can be predicted by neighbourhood deprivation measures. , 1995, Journal of epidemiology and community health.

[6]  R. A. Stone.  Investigations of excess environmental risks around putative sources: statistical problems and a proposed test. , 1988, Statistics in medicine.

[7]  J F Bithell,et al.  Distribution of childhood leukaemias and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas near nuclear installations in England and Wales , 1994, BMJ.

[8]  I. Kleinschmidt,et al.  Use of routine data in studies of point sources of environmental pollution , 1996 .

[9]  C. Wade,et al.  Results of a two-year chronic toxicity and oncogenicity study of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in rats. , 1978, Toxicology and applied pharmacology.

[10]  Cancer mortality in African and Caribbean migrants to England and Wales. , 1992, British journal of cancer.

[11]  M. Hills.  Some comments on methods investigating disease risk around a point source , 1996 .

[12]  C. Percy,et al.  The accuracy of liver cancer as the underlying cause of death on death certificates. , 1990, Public health reports.

[13]  A. Adelstein,et al.  Immigrant mortality in England and Wales 1970-78: causes of death by country of birth , 1983 .

[14]  V. Carstairs,et al.  Deprivation indices: their interpretation and use in relation to health. , 1995, Journal of epidemiology and community health.

[15]  I. Dewhurst,et al.  Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans: The Risks to Human Health. A Review , 1989, Human toxicology.

[16]  D. Jolley,et al.  Incidence of cancers of the larynx and lung near incinerators of waste solvents and oils in Great Britain , 1992, The Lancet.

[17]  I. MartínezMartínez.  Epidemiology of Cancer , 1984 .

[18]  M. Graffar.  [Modern epidemiology]. , 1971, Bruxelles medical.

[19]  B. Jansson,et al.  Dioxin from Swedish municipal incinerators and the occurrence of cleft lip and palate malformations , 1989 .

[20]  H. Greim.  Toxicological evaluation of emissions from modern municipal waste incinerators , 1990 .

[21]  G. Hansson,et al.  Incidence of primary liver cancer and aetiological aspects: a study of a defined population from a low-endemicity area. , 1996, British Journal of Cancer.

[22]  P. Diggle.  A point process modeling approach to raised incidence of a rare phenomenon in the vicinity of a prespecified point , 1990 .

[23]  I Kleinschmidt,et al.  A standardisation approach to the control of socioeconomic confounding in small area studies of environment and health. , 1995, Journal of epidemiology and community health.

[24]  I Kleinschmidt,et al.  The Small Area Health Statistics Unit: a national facility for investigating health around point sources of environmental pollution in the United Kingdom. , 1992, Journal of epidemiology and community health.

[25]  스벤 산텐,et al.  Incineration of waste , 1983 .

[26]  A L ABOUL-NASR,et al.  Epidemiology of cancer. , 1957, The Journal of the Egyptian Medical Association.

[27]  Robin Philipp.  HAZARDOUS WASTE AND HUMAN HEALTH: A report from the BMA Professional and Scientific Division , 1991 .

[28]  M. Gough.  Human health effects: what the data indicate. , 1991, The Science of the total environment.

[29]  R. Severson,et al.  Soft tissue sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in relation to phenoxyherbicide and chlorinated phenol exposure in western Washington. , 1987, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[30]  P. Gustavsson,et al.  Mortality among workers at a municipal waste incinerator. , 1989, American journal of industrial medicine.

[31]  L. Hardell,et al.  Case-control study: soft-tissue sarcomas and exposure to phenoxyacetic acids or chlorophenols. , 1979, British Journal of Cancer.

[32]  Curtis C. Travis,et al.  Health Effects of Municipal Waste Incineration , 1990 .

[33]  B. Schneider.  MANUAL of the international statistical classification of diseases, injuries, and causes of death. Addendum 1. Supplementary interpretations and instructions for coding causes of death. , 1953, Bulletin of the World Health Organization. Supplement.

[34]  D. Flesch‐Janys,et al.  Cancer mortality among workers in chemical plant contaminated with dioxin , 1991, The Lancet.

[35]  A. Zober,et al.  Thirty-four-year mortality follow-up of BASF employees exposed to 2,3,7,8-TCDD after the 1953 accident , 1990, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[36]  G. Brenniman,et al.  Cancer risk assessment for the inhalation of metals from municipal solid waste incinerators impacting Chicago , 1993, Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology.

[37]  Brian Jarman,et al.  Socio-economic confounding , 1996 .

[38]  I Kleinschmidt,et al.  Cancer incidence near municipal solid waste incinerators in Great Britain , 1996, British Journal of Cancer.

[39]  J F Bithell,et al.  On statistical methods for analysing the geographical distribution of cancer cases near nuclear installations. , 1989, Journal of epidemiology and community health.

[40]  H. M. Cameron,et al.  A prospective study of 1152 hospital autopsies: I. Inaccuracies in death certification , 1981, The Journal of pathology.

[41]  R. Manconi,et al.  Inaccuracy of death certificate diagnoses in malignancy: an analysis of 1,405 autopsied cases. , 1982, Human pathology.