tude du mtabolisme cellulaire in vivo par rsonance magntique nuclaire du phosphore-31

Resume La resonance magnetique nucleaire du phosphore-31 est utilisee de plus en plus frequemment pour les etudes du metabolisme cellulaire dans des conditions qui respectent l'integrite de la cellule. Les avantages specifiques du noyau de phosphore-31 sont discutes dans le cadre general de la RMN in vivo. Des applications selectionnees (exemples pris dans la litterature et travaux de notre laboratoire) sont presentees pour illustrer l'apport de la RMN du P-31 dans les domaines suivants: identification et quantification des metabolites (concentrations absolues et relatives), mesure du pH intracellulaire, compartimentation cellulaire, determination des flux metaboliques dans des conditions normales et pathologiques, etude in vivo des cinetiques enzymatiques a l'etat stationnaire. La RMN du phosphore-31 est comparee aux autres techniques plus classiques d'investigation. L'avenir et le potentiel de l'etude des systemes biologiques intacts par RMN in vivo ainsi que ses applications cliniques sont evalues et discutes. Le couplage de la RMN focalisee aux techniques de reconstruction d'images conduit a proposer le concept d′ « image fonctionnelle— par opposition a l′ « image anatomiquetraditionnelle — pour illustrer l'impact important de cette technologie nouvelle dans l'etude non destructive des mecanismes cellulaires, aussi bien sur les cellules et les tissus intacts que sur les organes excises et perfuses, les animaux vivants et le corps humain.

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