Puzzles: Professional Advice and Other Hazards
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Hip O'Chondria visits his physician complaining of pain in his hip. The doctor explains that only two diagnoses are possible: either he has bursitis, which is curable with medication and rest, or he has degenerative arthritis, which requires surgery. The patient cannot observe which diagnosis is correct, but physicians can observe the true condition accurately. The correct treatment, medication or surgery, depends on the true condition. Mr. O'Chondria's physician explains to him that he has degenerative arthritis, but O'Chondria knows that his physician has an incentive to lie in order to perform the lucrative surgery, so he decides to seek a second opinion. Is the second opinion useful in helping Mr. O'Chondria learn the truth?