Production, characterization and testing of antibacterial PVA membranes loaded with HA-Ag3 PO4 nanoparticles, produced by SC-CO2 phase inversion

BACKGROUND: Silver loaded hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were incorporated into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) membranes obtained by supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) assisted phase inversion. Ag3PO4 crystals of 2.2±0.6 nm were dispersed in synthesized needle-like hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (20x65 nm) and were uniformly deposited on the internal surfaces of the PVA membranes. Operative conditions to produce membranes by SC-CO2, PVA concentration and the effect on membranes porosity and morphology were studied. RESULTS: Solutions at 20% w/w PVA produced membranes with cellular morphology and nanoporous walls; whereas, 30 and 50% w/w solutions produced nanostructured membranes. Silver ions were released from PVA membranes mainly by diffusion according to Peppas-Sahlin model. Membranes obtained at 20% w/w PVA showed a significant E. coli inhibition at an Ag concentration of 9 ppm, reaching the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and improving the bactericidal activity of the nanoparticles. CONCLUSION: A concentration of Ag3PO4 crystals of about 22 ppm was calculated as capable to completely destroy these bacteria, reaching the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC).

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