Optimal Sensor Placement for 3-D Angle-of-Arrival Target Localization

This paper investigates optimal sensor placement strategies for angle-of-arrival (AOA) localization in three-dimensional space. We adopt the A-optimality criterion to determine optimal sensor placements under the Gaussian measurement noise. A comprehensive analysis of optimal sensor-target geometries is provided with no restriction on the number of AOA sensors, sensor-target range, and noise variances. A resistor network analogy is also presented to enable quick determination of optimal sensor-target geometries. The analytical results are verified by extensive simulation studies.

[1]  F. Gustafsson,et al.  Mobile positioning using wireless networks: possibilities and fundamental limitations based on available wireless network measurements , 2005, IEEE Signal Processing Magazine.

[2]  V. Aidala,et al.  Biased Estimation Properties of the Pseudolinear Tracking Filter , 1982, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.

[3]  K. Dogancay,et al.  Instrumental Variable Estimator for 3D Bearings-Only Emitter Localization , 2005, 2005 International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing.

[4]  K. Gong,et al.  Position and Velocity Estimation Via Bearing Observations , 1978, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.

[5]  Xiao-Ping Zhang,et al.  Efficient Closed-Form Algorithms for AOA Based Self-Localization of Sensor Nodes Using Auxiliary Variables , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing.

[6]  Yiu-Tong Chan,et al.  Bearings-only and Doppler-bearing tracking using instrumental variables , 1992 .

[7]  R. Wishner,et al.  Utilization of Modified Polar Coordinates for Bearings-Only Tracking , 2001 .

[8]  V S Chernyak,et al.  Fundamentals of Multisite Radar Systems : Multistatic Radars and Multistatic Radar Systems , 2018 .

[9]  Don J. Torrieri,et al.  Statistical Theory of Passive Location Systems , 1984, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.

[10]  Kutluyıl Doğançay,et al.  Bias compensation for the bearings-only pseudolinear target track estimator , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing.

[11]  Yu Hen Hu,et al.  Maximum likelihood multiple-source localization using acoustic energy measurements with wireless sensor networks , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing.

[12]  Brian D. O. Anderson,et al.  Optimality analysis of sensor-target localization geometries , 2010, Autom..

[13]  Deva K. Borah,et al.  Optimal 3-D Landmark Placement for Vehicle Localization Using Heterogeneous Sensors , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[14]  António Manuel Santos Pascoal,et al.  Sensor Networks for Optimal Target Localization with Bearings-Only Measurements in Constrained Three-Dimensional Scenarios , 2013, Sensors.

[15]  Francesco Bullo,et al.  Optimal sensor placement and motion coordination for target tracking , 2006, Autom..

[16]  D. Ucinski Optimal measurement methods for distributed parameter system identification , 2004 .

[17]  Michael A. Goodrich,et al.  Supporting wilderness search and rescue using a camera‐equipped mini UAV , 2008, J. Field Robotics.

[18]  Kutluyil Dogançay,et al.  Optimal sensor deployment for 3D AOA target localization , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP).

[19]  Yun Jun Zhang,et al.  Bearings-Only Target Motion Analysis via Instrumental Variable Estimation , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing.

[20]  Tong Heng Lee,et al.  Optimal sensor placement for target localisation and tracking in 2D and 3D , 2012, Int. J. Control.

[21]  Kutluyil Dogançay,et al.  3D Pseudolinear Target Motion Analysis From Angle Measurements , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing.

[22]  J. Holst,et al.  A nearly unbiased inherently stable bearings-only tracker , 1993 .

[23]  K. Doganay Online Optimization of Receiver Trajectories for Scan-Based Emitter Localization , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.

[24]  K. C. Ho,et al.  An asymptotically unbiased estimator for bearings-only and Doppler-bearing target motion analysis , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing.

[25]  K. C. Ho,et al.  An Asymptotically Efficient Estimator in Closed-Form for 3-D AOA Localization Using a Sensor Network , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[26]  Dinh-Tuan Pham,et al.  Some quick and efficient methods for bearing-only target motion analysis , 1993, IEEE Trans. Signal Process..

[27]  Erik Blasch,et al.  Performance Measures of Covariance and Information Matrices in Resource Management for Target State Estimation , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.

[28]  S. Nardone,et al.  A closed-form solution to bearings-only target motion analysis , 1997 .

[29]  Pawel Kulakowski,et al.  Angle-of-arrival localization based on antenna arrays for wireless sensor networks , 2010, Comput. Electr. Eng..

[30]  Kutluyil Dogançay,et al.  Optimal angular sensor separation for AOA localization , 2008, Signal Process..

[31]  V. Aidala Kalman Filter Behavior in Bearings-Only Tracking Applications , 1979, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.

[32]  Y. Oshman,et al.  Optimization of observer trajectories for bearings-only target localization , 1999 .

[33]  R. G. Stansfield,et al.  Statistical theory of d.f. fixing , 1947 .

[34]  N. Peach,et al.  Bearings-only tracking using a set of range-parameterised extended Kalman filters , 1995 .

[35]  Edwin Olson,et al.  Robust Range-Only Beacon Localization , 2006 .

[36]  K. C. Ho,et al.  Elliptic Localization: Performance Study and Optimum Receiver Placement , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing.

[37]  K. C. Ho,et al.  Bias analysis of maximum likelihood target location estimator , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.

[38]  Chun Yang,et al.  Optimal Placement of Heterogeneous Sensors for Targets with Gaussian Priors , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.

[39]  John A. Fawcett Effect of course maneuvers on bearings-only range estimation , 1988, IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process..

[40]  K. Gong,et al.  Fundamental properties and performance of conventional bearings-only target motion analysis , 1984 .