This paper challenges water professionals to ask fundamental questions about public actions for water resources development and currently accepted knowledge and skills used to pursue these actions. It critically examines three common assumptions underlying the current water resources development paradigm: that “water security” is a necessary condition for economic growth and lack of it is preventing development of poor countries; that achieving water security requires massive public infrastructure development; and “stakeholder consultation” is sufficient to minimize potential social and environmental damage while maximizing equitable benefit sharing. Using examples from Africa, the paper raises questions about these assumptions and suggests there are alternative agricultural water interventions that cost less and have higher benefits. The lack of sufficient attention to alternatives to large-scale infrastructure reflects the failure of water professionals to recognize the political nature of water development. The conclusion poses five sets of research questions and encourages students to pursue these while questioning the normal water resources development paradigm. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cet article demande aux professionnels de l'eau de poser les questions fondamentales sur les actions publiques pour le developpement des ressources en eau, sur les savoirs acceptes et competences utilisees actuellement pour poursuivre ces actions. Il propose un examen critique de trois hypotheses communes sous-jacentes au paradigme actuel du developpement des ressources en eau: “la securite de l'eau” est une condition necessaire pour la croissance economique et son absence empeche le developpement des pays pauvres; realiser la securite de l'eau exige un developpement massif des infrastructure publique; la consultation des acteurs est suffisante pour reduire au minimum les dommages potentiels sociaux et environnementaux tout en maximisant le partage equitable des avantages. En utilisant des exemples en Afrique, l'article questionne ces hypotheses et suggere des interventions alternatives sur l'eau agricole qui coutent moins cher avec des benefices plus eleves. Le manque d'attention a des solutions alternatives aux grandes infrastructures montre l'incapacite des professionnels de l'eau a reconnaitre la nature politique du developpement de l'eau. La conclusion pose cinq series de questions de recherche et encourage les etudiants a les aborder en questionnant le paradigme admis sur le developpement des ressources en eau. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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