Earned readiness management for scheduling, monitoring and evaluating the development of complex product systems

Abstract How should the development of a complex product system (CPS) be managed in a manner that focuses on process milestones, which is responsive to changes in technology and requirements; based on maturity measures; and applied in an interactive manner, in addition to facilitating timely feedback? This is considered to be an important question in project management. Project management tools and techniques have been inadequate for monitoring technology development in a CPS. If the technologies are not properly matured by a specific period of time, the progress of the project can be in detriment. To address this important gap, the objective of this study is to develop a new maturity-focused methodology for scheduling, monitoring and evaluating the development of a system. We present Earned Readiness Management (ERM) for system scheduling, monitoring and evaluation which was developed and validated using a case study. Future research on ERM is also discussed in this paper.

[1]  Erling S. Andersen.  Warning: activity planning is hazardous to your project's health! , 1996 .

[2]  Michael Raby.  Project management via earned value , 2000 .

[3]  Kristine Hassinger,et al.  NASA: Assessments of Selected Large-Scale Projects , 2011 .

[4]  Brian J. Sauser,et al.  Analyzing Component Importance in Multifunction Multicapability Systems Developmental Maturity Assessment , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management.

[5]  Victor Tang,et al.  MULTIFUNCTIONAL ENTERPRISE READINESS: BEYOND THE POLICY OF BUILD-TEST-FIX CYCLIC REWORK , 2009 .

[6]  Christopher K. Bart,et al.  Controlling New Products in Large Diversified Firms: A Presidential Perspective , 1991 .

[7]  Jeffrey K. Pinto,et al.  Critical factors in successful project implementation , 1987, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management.

[8]  R. Cooper,et al.  SCREENING NEW PRODUCTS FOR POTENTIAL WINNERS , 1993 .

[9]  Susan Carlson Skalak.  House of Quality , 2002 .

[10]  Aaron J. Shenhar,et al.  One Size Does Not Fit All Projects: Exploring Classical Contingency Domains , 2001, Manag. Sci..

[11]  Dinesh Verma,et al.  From TRL to SRL : The Concept of Systems Readiness Levels , 2006 .

[12]  L. Kirsch.  The Management of Complex Tasks in Organizations: Controlling the Systems Development Process , 1996 .

[13]  Brian J. Sauser,et al.  System Development Planning via System Maturity Optimization , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management.

[14]  Richard Volkert,et al.  Implementation of a Methodology Supporting a Comprehensive System-of-systems Maturity Analysis for Use by the Littoral Combat Ship Mission Module Program , 2009 .

[15]  Antje Baer,et al.  Managing High Technology Programs And Projects , 2016 .

[16]  Vittorio Chiesa,et al.  Designing a performance measurement system for the research activities: A reference framework and an empirical study , 2008 .

[17]  A. Davies,et al.  Systems Integration: a Core Capability of the Modern Corporation , 2022 .

[18]  Thomas S Abernethy.  An application of the Rayleigh distribution to contract cost data , 1984 .

[19]  Bruce W. Sauser,et al.  Optimization of System Maturity and Equivalent System Mass for Exploration Systems Development Planning , 2010 .

[20]  M. Hobday.  Product complexity, innovation and industrial organisation , 1998 .

[21]  Ricardo Valerdi,et al.  Navigating the Metrics Landscape: An Introductory Literature Guide to Metric Selection, Implementation, & Decision Making , 2009 .

[22]  Steve Anderson,et al.  Managing the interstitials, a System of Systems framework suited for the Ballistic Missile Defense System , 2011, Syst. Eng..

[23]  Peerasit Patanakul,et al.  An Empirical Study on the use of Project Management Tools and Techniques across Project Life-Cycle and their Impact on Project Success , 2010 .

[24]  K. Miller,et al.  Properties of Generalized Rayleigh Distributions , 1963 .

[25]  Joseph Kasser.  The First Requirements Elucidator Demonstration (FRED) tool , 2004 .

[26]  Robert Rosen,et al.  The NASA technology push towards future space mission systems , 1989 .

[27]  M. Iansiti.  Shooting the Rapids: Managing Product Development in Turbulent Environments , 1995 .

[28]  Sauser Brian.  NASA Strategic Project Leadership in an Era ofBetter, Faster, Cheaper , 2008 .

[29]  J. Davidson Frame.  Book Review: Reinventing Project Management: The Diamond Approach to Successful Growth and Innovation , 2008 .

[30]  Petri Suomala,et al.  The Life Cycle Dimension Of New Product Development Performance Measurement , 2004 .

[31]  William E. Souder,et al.  Measuring R&D Performance-State of the Art , 1997 .

[32]  Robert W. Ruekert,et al.  Upper management control of new product development projects and project performance , 2002 .

[33]  Erik Jan Hultink,et al.  4 Product development performance: strategy, organization and management in the world auto industry☆ , 1994 .

[34]  WindyJoy Springs. Majumdar.  System of Systems Technology Readiness Assessment , 2007 .

[35]  Andreas Vollerthun.  Design‐to‐market integrating conceptual design and marketing , 2002 .

[36]  Tony Shell.  The synthesis of optimal systems design solutions , 2003 .

[37]  Antonio Dávila,et al.  Reasons for management control systems adoption: Insights from product development systems choice by early-stage entrepreneurial companies , 2009 .

[38]  Michael R. Duffey,et al.  A model for effective implementation of Earned Value Management methodology , 2003 .

[39]  Christopher K. Bart,et al.  Controlling New Products: a Contingency Approach , 1999 .

[40]  Wayne F. Abba.  Earned Value Management — Reconciling Government and Commercial Practices For People Involved in Earned Value — Government, Industry, Academia, Or Consulting — These Are Exciting Times! , 1997 .

[41]  Kim B. Clark,et al.  Product Development in the World Auto Industry , 1987 .

[42]  Bohdan W. Oppenheim.  Lean product development flow , 2004 .

[43]  Joseph E. Kasser,et al.  The First Requirements Elucidator Demonstration (FRED) tool , 2004, Syst. Eng..

[44]  Amrit Tiwana,et al.  Control in Internal and Outsourced Software Projects , 2009, J. Manag. Inf. Syst..

[45]  Ali Jaafari.  Time and priority allocation scheduling technique for projects , 1996 .

[46]  Mark A. Gallagher,et al.  Determining a Budget Profile from a Development Cost Estimate , 1993 .

[47]  Stuart Pugh,et al.  Total Design: Integrated Methods for Successful Product Engineering , 1991 .

[48]  Rajiv Sabherwal,et al.  Portfolios of Control in Outsourced Software Development Projects , 2003, Inf. Syst. Res..

[49]  Brian Sauser,et al.  Using A System Maturity Scale to Monitor and Evaluate the Development of Systems , 2009 .

[50]  R. Cooper,et al.  New Products: What Separates Winners from Losers? , 1987 .

[51]  John C. Mankins,et al.  Approaches to strategic research and technology (R&T) analysis and road mapping , 2002 .

[52]  Russell D. Archibald,et al.  Managing high-technology programs and projects , 1976 .

[53]  Roque Rabechini,et al.  BALANCING STRATEGY AND TACTICS IN PUBLIC PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION: A CONTINGENCY APPROACH , 2014 .

[54]  SabherwalRajiv,et al.  Portfolios of Control in Outsourced Software Development Projects , 2003 .

[55]  D. Otley,et al.  The effects of the interactive use of management control systems on product innovation , 2004 .

[56]  Brian Sauser,et al.  A Systems Approach to Expanding the Technology Readiness Level within Defense Acquisition , 2008 .

[57]  Marjorie B. Platt,et al.  Performance Measures and Management Control in New Product Development , 2000 .

[58]  Willy Herroelen,et al.  Project Scheduling—Theory and Practice , 2005 .

[59]  Bohdan W. Oppenheim,et al.  Lean product development flow , 2004, Syst. Eng..

[60]  Jeffrey K. Pinto,et al.  The causes of project failure , 1990 .

[61]  Tony Davila,et al.  An empirical study on the drivers of management control systems' design in new product development , 2000 .

[62]  Paul Scearce,et al.  A study of US government's satellite incumbents and follow-on competitions , 2007 .

[63]  Andrew P. Sage,et al.  Handbook of Systems Engineering and Management , 2011 .

[64]  R. Cooper,et al.  Winning Businesses in Product Development: The Critical Success Factors , 1996 .

[65]  Michael J Sullivan,et al.  Defense Acquisitions: Assessments of Selected Weapon Programs , 2015 .

[66]  Jim Brady.  Systems engineering and cost as an independent variable , 2001 .

[67]  Devanandham Henry,et al.  A system maturity index for the systems engineering life cycle , 2008 .

[68]  Osama Moselhi,et al.  Web‐based integrated project control system , 2004 .

[69]  Tyson R. Browning,et al.  A Survey of Activity Network‐Based Process Models for Managing Product Development Projects , 2007 .

[70]  Brian Sauser,et al.  System development planning using readiness levels in a cost of development minimization model , 2010 .

[71]  Kim B. Clark,et al.  Product development performance : strategy, organization, and management in the world auto industry / Kim B. Clark, Tahahiro Fujimoto , 1991 .

[72]  Kim B. Clark,et al.  Architectural Innovation: The Reconfiguration of Existing Product Technologies and the Failure of , 1990 .

[73]  K. Eisenhardt,et al.  PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: PAST RESEARCH, PRESENT FINDINGS, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS , 1995 .

[74]  Erling S. Andersen,et al.  Goal Directed Project Management , 1997 .

[75]  R. Cooper,et al.  Benchmarking the Firm's Critical Success Factors in New Product Development , 1995 .

[76]  Dov Dvir,et al.  Plans are nothing, changing plans is everything: the impact of changes on project success , 2004 .

[77]  Brian Sauser,et al.  3.1.1 Defining an Integration Readiness Level for Defense Acquisition , 2009 .

[78]  Kulwant S. Pawar,et al.  Performance measurement for product design and development in a manufacturing environment , 1999 .

[79]  Laurence P. Feldman.  Product Leadership: Pathways to Profitable Innovation , 2006 .

[80]  Michael Burda,et al.  Revolutionizing product development , 1993 .