Example of a large-model simulation of the blood biochemical system.

Abstract : The paper outlines a formal procedure for simulating certain aspects of the biochemistry of a viable system. The procedure is based on a mathematical model and a computer program. The plausibility of constructing detailed models of large biochemical systems is demonstrated. The object of the paper is to demonstrate that a mathematical program can simulate the functions of a selected viable system. For this purpose, a mathematical model of viable blood known as the 'SF Blood' model was chosen. The 'SF Blood' model is a reasonable representation of the respiratory function of the adult-restingmale blood.

[1]  L. Pauling,et al.  The combining power of hemoglobin for alkyl isocyanides, and the nature of the heme-heme interactions in hemoglobin. , 1951, Science.

[2]  C. F. Sams,et al.  A Mathematical Model of the Chemistry of the External Respiratory System , 1961 .

[3]  F. Roughton,et al.  The kinetics and equilibria of the reactions of nitric oxide with sheep haemoglobin , 1957, The Journal of physiology.

[4]  A. Hill,et al.  The possible effects of the aggregation of the molecules of haemoglobin on its dissociation curves , 1910 .

[5]  E. Wood,et al.  Oxygen dissociation curve of arterial blood in men breathing high concentrations of oxygen. , 1952, Journal of applied physiology.

[6]  G. Adair.  THE HEMOGLOBIN SYSTEM VI. THE OXYGEN DISSOCIATION CURVE OF HEMOGLOBIN , 1925 .

[7]  G. B. Dantzig,et al.  On the Reduction of Certain Multiplicative Chemical Equilibrium Systems to Mathematically Equivalent Additive Systems , 1962 .

[8]  T. Rosenthal.  The effect of temperature on the pH of blood and plasma in vitro. , 1948, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[9]  J. Wyman,et al.  Further studies on the oxygen equilibrium of hemoglobin. , 1950, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[10]  J. Ferguson.  Carbamino compounds of CO2 with human hæmoglobin and their role in the transport of CO2 , 1936 .

[11]  J. Wyman,et al.  The problem of the heme interactions in hemoglobin and the basis of the bohr effect , 1951 .

[12]  L. Pauling,et al.  The Oxygen Equilibrium of Hemoglobin and Its Structural Interpretation. , 1935, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[13]  R. Margaria.  The contribution of hemoglobin to acid-base equilibrium of the blood in health and disease. , 1957, Clinical chemistry.

[14]  James C. DeHaven,et al.  REACTIONS OF HEMOGLOBIN AND STEADY STATES IN THE HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: AN INVESTIGATION USING MATHEMATICAL MODELS AND AN ELECTRONIC COMPUTER , 1962 .

[15]  F. Roughton,et al.  THE EFFECT OF CARBON MONOXIDE ON THE OXYHEMOGLOBIN DISSOCIATION CURVE , 1944 .

[16]  B. B. Owen,et al.  The Physical Chemistry of Electrolytic Solutions , 1963 .

[17]  M. Perutz,et al.  Structure of Hæmoglobin: A Three-Dimensional Fourier Synthesis at 5.5-Å. Resolution, Obtained by X-Ray Analysis , 1960, Nature.

[18]  Selmer M. Johnson,et al.  A Mathematical Model of the Human External Respiratory System , 2015, Perspectives in biology and medicine.

[19]  W. Stadie,et al.  THE CARBAMATE EQUILIBRIUM II. THE EQUILIBRIUM OF OXYHEMOGLOBIN AND REDUCED HEMOGLOBIN , 1937 .

[20]  J. Dehaven,et al.  Analysis of Chemical Constituents of Blood by Digital Computer , 1963, Surgery.

[21]  E. Ponder.  Hemolysis and related phenomena , 1948 .

[22]  James C. DeHaven,et al.  PHYSIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PLACENTAL TRANSFER , 1965 .

[23]  G. Adair,et al.  THE OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE DISSOCIATION CURVES OF HUMAN BLOOD , 1924 .

[24]  A. Otis,et al.  The determination of the individual equilibrium constants of the four intermediate reactions between oxygen and sheep haemoglobin , 1955, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B - Biological Sciences.

[25]  F. Johnson,et al.  Combined influence of temperature and urethan on the respiration of rhizobium. , 1947, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[26]  P. Astrup.  A simple electrometric technique for the determination of carbon dioxide tension in blood and plasma, total content of carbon dioxide in plasma, and bicarbonate content in separated plasma at a fixed carbon dioxide tension (40 mm Hg). , 1956, Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation.

[27]  Lloyd S. Shapley,et al.  Mass Action Laws and the Gibbs Free Energy Function , 1965 .

[28]  S. D. Groot,et al.  Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes , 2018, Principles of Thermodynamics.

[29]  Edward Charles DeLand,et al.  Simulation of a Biological System On an Analog Computer , 1962, IRE Trans. Electron. Comput..

[30]  Selmer M. Johnson,et al.  Chemical Equilibrium in Complex Mixtures , 1958 .

[31]  W. Stadie,et al.  THE CARBAMATE EQUILIBRIUM I. THE EQUILIBRIUM OF AMINO ACIDS, CARBON DIOXIDE, AND CARBAMATES IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION; WITH A NOTE ON THE FERGUSON-ROUGHTON CARBAMATE METHOD , 1936 .