Electrophoretic Studies of Turbidity Removal With Ferric Sulfate

CLAYS common in suspension forms of are turbidity the most in co mon forms of turbidity in surface waters used for municipal and industrial water supplies. Removal of these suspended clays is usually accomplished by coagulation with alum or ferric sulfate, sedimentation, and rapid sand filtration. Prediction of optimum coagulation conditions for a given water is very difficult because the relationships between the variables involved are so complex; these include the coagulant; the coagulant dose; the pH, alkalinity, ionic constituents, and base exchange capacity of the raw water; the size, shape, chemical nature, hydration, and charge of the colloidal particles in suspension ; and other variables of lesser effect. Most