Practical Biosecurity in Atlantic Salmon Production

To avoid fish pathogens, potential ports of entry into hatcheries and farms have to be identified and barriers put in place, e.g., restricted admission; personnel locks; and disinfection of biological material, water supply, and vectors. For Atlantic salmon, the water supply is of greatest potential risk for introduction of pathogens, both during the freshwater and seawater phases. Seawater constitutes the highest risk both to smolt farms and sea sites. Live fish material is also high risk. Among vectors, personnel and fomites coming into contact with infectious material pose the greatest risk, i.e., vaccinators, net cleaners, and wellboats.

[1]  L. Johansen,et al.  Disease interaction and pathogens exchange between wild and farmed fish populations with special reference to Norway , 2011 .

[2]  Pieter T. J. Johnson,et al.  The ecology and emergence of diseases in fresh waters , 2011 .

[3]  K. Falk,et al.  A low-pathogenic variant of infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV-HPR0) is highly prevalent and causes a non-clinical transient infection in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in the Faroe Islands. , 2011, The Journal of general virology.

[4]  B. Robertsen.  Can we get the upper hand on viral diseases in aquaculture of Atlantic salmon , 2011 .

[5]  M. D. Jansen,et al.  Pancreas disease (PD) in sea-reared Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in Norway; a prospective, longitudinal study of disease development and agreement between diagnostic test results. , 2010, Journal of fish diseases.

[6]  C. Millar,et al.  An analysis of levels of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., broodstock in Scotland between 1990-2002. , 2010, Journal of fish diseases.

[7]  A. B. Kristoffersen,et al.  Risk factors for pancreas disease (PD) outbreaks in farmed Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout in Norway during 2003-2007. , 2009, Preventive veterinary medicine.

[8]  Matej David,et al.  EU shipping in the dawn of managing the ballast water issue. , 2008, Marine pollution bulletin.

[9]  R. Sanchez,et al.  The current and future organisational structure of the OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health) , 2003 .

[10]  M. Yoshimizu,et al.  DISINFECTION OF WATER FOR AQUACULTURE , 2002 .

[11]  R. Stagg,et al.  Shipping and the Spread of Infectious Salmon Anemia in Scottish Aquaculture , 2002, Emerging infectious diseases.

[12]  J. Jarp,et al.  Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) risk factors in sea-cultured Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. , 1997 .

[13]  B. Willumsen.  Birds and wild fish as potential vectors of Yersinia ruckeri , 1989 .

[14]  A. Frigessi,et al.  A stochastic model for the assessment of the transmission pathways of heart and skeleton muscle inflammation, pancreas disease and infectious salmon anaemia in marine fish farms in Norway. , 2010, Preventive veterinary medicine.

[15]  E. Wagner,et al.  The Safety and Effectiveness of Various Hydrogen Peroxide and Iodine Treatment Regimens for Rainbow Trout Egg Disinfection , 2010 .

[16]  Helge Liltved,et al.  Inactivation of bacterial and viral fish pathogens by ozonation or UV irradiation in water of different salinity , 1995 .