Nanowire Na0.35MnO2 from a hydrothermal method as a cathode material for aqueous asymmetric supercapacitors

Abstract Nanowire Na0.35MnO2 was prepared by a simple and low energy consumption hydrothermal method; its electrochemical performance as a cathode material for aqueous asymmetric supercapacitors in Na2SO4 solution was investigated. Due to the nanowire structure its capacitance (157 F g−1) is much higher than that of the rod-like Na0.95MnO2 (92 F g−1) from solid phase reaction although its sodium content is lower. When it is assembled into an asymmetric aqueous supercapacitor using activated carbon as the counter electrode and aqueous 0.5 mol L−1 Na2SO4 electrolyte solution, the nanowire Na0.35MnO2 shows an energy density of 42.6 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 129.8 W kg−1 based on the total weight of the two electrode material, higher than those for the rod-like Na0.95MnO2, with an energy density of 27.3 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 74.8 W kg−1, and that of LiMn2O4. The new material presents excellent cycling behavior even when dissolved oxygen is not removed from the electrolyte solution. The results hold great promise for practical applications of this cathode material since sodium is much cheaper than lithium and its natural resources are rich.

[1]  R. Holze,et al.  A cheap asymmetric supercapacitor with high energy at high power: Activated carbon//K0.27MnO2·0.6H2O , 2010 .

[2]  Yu-Guo Guo,et al.  Superior Electrode Performance of Nanostructured Mesoporous TiO2 (Anatase) through Efficient Hierarchical Mixed Conducting Networks , 2007 .

[3]  L. Stievano,et al.  Tailoring of phase composition and morphology of TiO2-based electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries , 2013 .

[4]  John T. Vaughey,et al.  Li{sub2}MnO{sub3}-stabilized LiMO{sub2} (M=Mn, Ni, Co) electrodes for high energy lithium-ion batteries , 2007 .

[5]  Jun Liu,et al.  Electrochemical energy storage for green grid. , 2011, Chemical reviews.

[6]  Yuping Wu,et al.  Study on different power and cycling performance of crystalline KxMnO2·nH2O as cathode material for supercapacitors in Li2SO4, Na2SO4, and K2SO4 aqueous electrolytes , 2013 .

[7]  Yuping Wu,et al.  An activated carbon with high capacitance from carbonization of a resorcinol-formaldehyde resin , 2009 .

[8]  Chi-Chang Hu,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of mesoporous spinel NiCo2O4 using surfactant-assembled dispersion for asymmetric supercapacitors , 2013 .

[9]  L. Fu,et al.  Porous LiMn2O4 as cathode material with high power and excellent cycling for aqueous rechargeable lithium batteries , 2011 .

[10]  Lili Liu,et al.  LiMn2O4 nanotube as cathode material of second-level charge capability for aqueous rechargeable batteries. , 2013, Nano letters.

[11]  Y. Chiang,et al.  Towards High Power High Energy Aqueous Sodium‐Ion Batteries: The NaTi2(PO4)3/Na0.44MnO2 System , 2013 .

[12]  J. Tarascon,et al.  Low-potential sodium insertion in a NASICON-type structure through the Ti(III)/Ti(II) redox couple. , 2013, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[13]  Yuping Wu,et al.  Study on electrochemical performance of activated carbon in aqueous Li2SO4, Na2SO4 and K2SO4 electrolytes , 2008 .

[14]  R. Holze,et al.  A hybrid of MnO2 nanowires and MWCNTs as cathode of excellent rate capability for supercapacitors , 2012 .

[15]  Kathryn E. Toghill,et al.  A multifunctional 3.5 V iron-based phosphate cathode for rechargeable batteries. , 2007, Nature materials.

[16]  Lili Liu,et al.  Aqueous supercapacitors of high energy density based on MoO3 nanoplates as anode material. , 2011, Chemical communications.

[17]  Wei He,et al.  Synthesis and electrochemical behaviors of layered Na0.67[Mn0.65Co0.2Ni0.15]O2 microflakes as a stable cathode material for sodium-ion batteries , 2013 .

[18]  Chi-Chang Hu,et al.  A novel vanadium oxide deposit for the cathode of asymmetric lithium-ion supercapacitors , 2010 .

[19]  Philipp Adelhelm,et al.  A rechargeable room-temperature sodium superoxide (NaO2) battery. , 2013, Nature materials.

[20]  Yuping Wu,et al.  Core–Shell Structure of Polypyrrole Grown on V2O5 Nanoribbon as High Performance Anode Material for Supercapacitors , 2012 .

[21]  Q. Qu,et al.  One-step hydrothermal synthesis of hexangular starfruit-like vanadium oxide for high power aqueous supercapacitors , 2012 .

[22]  Jian Yang,et al.  Facile solid-state synthesis of Li2MnSiO4/C nanocomposite as a superior cathode with a long cycle life , 2013 .

[23]  Lili Liu,et al.  An aqueous rechargeable lithium battery of excellent rate capability based on a nanocomposite of MoO3 coated with PPy and LiMn2O4 , 2012 .

[24]  Chi-Chang Hu,et al.  Criteria appointing the highest acceptable cell voltage of asymmetric supercapacitors , 2013 .

[25]  M. Armand,et al.  Building better batteries , 2008, Nature.

[26]  Chi-Chang Hu,et al.  Important parameters affecting the cell voltage of aqueous electrical double-layer capacitors , 2013 .

[27]  Ralph J. Brodd,et al.  Cost comparison of producing high-performance Li-ion batteries in the U.S. and in China , 2013 .

[28]  You-nian Liu,et al.  Facile synthesis of α-MoO3 nanobelts and their pseudocapacitive behavior in an aqueous Li2SO4 solution , 2013 .

[29]  Sanjaya D. Perera,et al.  Vanadium oxide nanowire – Graphene binder free nanocomposite paper electrodes for supercapacitors: A facile green approach , 2013 .

[30]  R. Holze,et al.  Spinel LiNixMn2−xO4 as cathode material for aqueous rechargeable lithium batteries , 2013 .

[31]  R. Holze,et al.  A new cheap asymmetric aqueous supercapacitor: Activated carbon//NaMnO2 , 2009 .

[32]  Bin Wang,et al.  Electrochemical Performance of MnO2 Nanorods in Neutral Aqueous Electrolytes as a Cathode for Asymmetric Supercapacitors , 2009 .

[33]  F. Du,et al.  Electrochemical Kinetics of the Li[Li0.23Co0.3Mn0.47]O2 Cathode Material Studied by GITT and EIS , 2010 .

[34]  Thierry Brousse,et al.  Variation of the MnO2 Birnessite Structure upon Charge/Discharge in an Electrochemical Supercapacitor Electrode in Aqueous Na2SO4 Electrolyte , 2008 .

[35]  J. Whitacre,et al.  Na4Mn9O18 as a positive electrode material for an aqueous electrolyte sodium-ion energy storage device , 2010 .