Plasmon-Polaron Coupling in Conjugated Polymer on Infrared Nanoantennas.

We propose and demonstrate a novel type of coupling between polarons in a conjugated polymer and localized surface plasmons in infrared (IR) nanoantennas. The near-field interaction between plasmons and polarons is revealed by polarized photoinduced absorption measurements, probing mid-IR polaron transitions, and infrared-active vibrational modes of the polymer, which directly gauge the density of photogenerated charge carriers. This work proves the possibility of tuning the polaronic properties of organic semiconductors with plasmonic nanostructures.

[1]  L. Schmidt‐Mende,et al.  Influence of metallic and dielectric nanowire arrays on the photoluminescence properties of P3HT thin films , 2012, Nanotechnology.

[2]  F. Keilmann,et al.  Phonon-enhanced light–matter interaction at the nanometre scale , 2002, Nature.

[3]  C. Sheng,et al.  Experimental determination of the charge/neutral branching ratio η in the photoexcitation of π -conjugated polymers by broadband ultrafast spectroscopy , 2007 .

[4]  S. Schumacher,et al.  How intermolecular geometrical disorder affects the molecular doping of donor–acceptor copolymers , 2015, Nature Communications.

[5]  A. Girlando,et al.  Pariser–Parr–Pople force field for π‐electrons: Raman and infrared shifts of trans‐polyacetylene , 1994 .

[6]  M. S. Skolnick,et al.  Strong exciton–photon coupling in an organic semiconductor microcavity , 1998, Nature.

[7]  Annemarie Pucci,et al.  Resonant plasmonic and vibrational coupling in a tailored nanoantenna for infrared detection. , 2008, Physical review letters.

[8]  T. Sauermann,et al.  The Effect of Ageing on Exciton Dynamics, Charge Separation, and Recombination in P3HT/PCBM Photovoltaic Blends , 2012 .

[9]  Yi Cui,et al.  Metamaterial mirrors in optoelectronic devices. , 2014, Nature nanotechnology.

[10]  M. Sinclair,et al.  Strong coupling between nanoscale metamaterials and phonons. , 2011, Nano letters.

[11]  H. Gibbs,et al.  Arrays of Ag split-ring resonators coupled to InGaAs single-quantum-well gain. , 2010, Optics express.

[12]  Kim,et al.  Photoexcitation and doping studies of poly(3-hexylthienylene). , 1988, Physical review. B, Condensed matter.

[13]  Jiang,et al.  Two-dimensional electronic excitations in self-assembled conjugated polymer nanocrystals , 2000, Science.

[14]  David Beljonne,et al.  The Role of Driving Energy and Delocalized States for Charge Separation in Organic Semiconductors , 2012, Science.

[15]  Peter Nordlander,et al.  Plexcitonic nanoparticles: plasmon-exciton coupling in nanoshell-J-aggregate complexes. , 2008, Nano letters.

[16]  H. Ohkita,et al.  Near-IR femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy of ultrafast polaron and triplet exciton formation in polythiophene films with different regioregularities. , 2009, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[17]  Daniel Moses,et al.  Mechanism of carrier photogeneration and carrier transport in molecular crystal tetracene. , 2006, Physical review letters.

[18]  R. Ősterbacka,et al.  Photoinduced quantum interference antiresonances in pi-conjugated polymers. , 2002, Physical review letters.

[19]  J Aizpurua,et al.  Experimental verification of the spectral shift between near- and far-field peak intensities of plasmonic infrared nanoantennas. , 2013, Physical review letters.

[20]  Qiaoqiang Gan,et al.  Plasmonic‐Enhanced Organic Photovoltaics: Breaking the 10% Efficiency Barrier , 2013, Advanced materials.

[21]  Takashi Mukai,et al.  Surface-plasmon-enhanced light emitters based on InGaN quantum wells , 2004, Nature materials.

[22]  G. Cerullo,et al.  Hot exciton dissociation in polymer solar cells. , 2013, Nature materials.

[23]  P. Braun,et al.  Hole-mask colloidal nanolithography combined with tilted-angle-rotation evaporation: A versatile method for fabrication of low-cost and large-area complex plasmonic nanostructures and metamaterials , 2014, Beilstein journal of nanotechnology.

[24]  Emmanuel Kymakis,et al.  Nanoparticle-based plasmonic organic photovoltaic devices , 2013 .

[25]  Harry A. Atwater,et al.  Plasmonic light trapping in thin-film Si solar cells , 2012 .

[26]  Jennifer I. L. Chen,et al.  Electron accumulation on metal nanoparticles in plasmon-enhanced organic solar cells. , 2012, ACS nano.

[27]  Paul Seidler,et al.  Direct Determination of the Exciton Binding Energy of Conjugated Polymers Using a Scanning Tunneling Microscope , 1998 .

[28]  Harald Giessen,et al.  Hole-mask colloidal nanolithography for large-area low-cost metamaterials and antenna-assisted surface-enhanced infrared absorption substrates. , 2012, ACS nano.

[29]  D. Moses,et al.  Charge-carrier relaxation dynamics in highly ordered poly(p-phenylene vinylene): Effects of carrier bimolecular recombination and trapping , 2005 .

[30]  H. Bässler,et al.  Field-induced dissociation of optical excitations in conjugated polymers , 1996 .

[31]  H. Atwater,et al.  Plasmonics for improved photovoltaic devices. , 2010, Nature materials.

[32]  Nicolas Large,et al.  Near-field mediated plexcitonic coupling and giant Rabi splitting in individual metallic dimers. , 2013, Nano letters.

[33]  A. S. Dhoot,et al.  Efficient exciton dissociation via two-step photoexcitation in polymeric semiconductors , 2001 .

[34]  H. Atwater,et al.  Hybrid surface-phonon-plasmon polariton modes in graphene/monolayer h-BN heterostructures. , 2014, Nano letters.

[35]  Dalip Singh Mehta,et al.  A review on the light extraction techniques in organic electroluminescent devices , 2009 .

[36]  T. Topuria,et al.  Plasmonic nanohybrid with ultrasmall Ag nanoparticles and fluorescent dyes. , 2011, ACS nano.

[37]  H. Sirringhaus,et al.  Effect of interchain interactions on the absorption and emission of poly(3-hexylthiophene) , 2003 .

[38]  Harald Giessen,et al.  Vibrational near-field mapping of planar and buried three-dimensional plasmonic nanostructures , 2013, Nature Communications.

[39]  Peter Nordlander,et al.  On the energy shift between near-field and far-field peak intensities in localized plasmon systems. , 2011, Nano letters.

[40]  Naomi J. Halas,et al.  Enhancing the active lifetime of luminescent semiconducting polymers via doping with metal nanoshells , 2001 .

[41]  Ronald Österbacka,et al.  Spectroscopic Studies of Photoexcitations in Regioregular and Regiorandom Polythiophene Films , 2002 .

[42]  G. Cerullo,et al.  Charge photogeneration in donor-acceptor conjugated materials: influence of excess excitation energy and chain length. , 2013, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[43]  Kurt Busch,et al.  Distance-dependence of the coupling between split-ring resonators and single-quantum-well gain , 2011 .

[44]  E. W. Meijer,et al.  Two-dimensional charge transport in self-organized, high-mobility conjugated polymers , 1999, Nature.

[45]  Alan J. Heeger,et al.  Solitons in conducting polymers , 1988 .

[46]  Fan-Ching Chien,et al.  Surface plasmonic effects of metallic nanoparticles on the performance of polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells. , 2011, ACS nano.